Biology subjects

Joe, A.

Publications and source records attributed to Joe, A..

5 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2024

Comparative transcriptome analysis provides insights into the resistance regulation mechanism and inhibitory effect of fungicide phenamacril in Fusarium asiaticum

Fusarium asiaticum is a destructive phytopathogenic fungus that causes Fusarium head blight of wheat (FHB), leading to serious yield and economic losses to cereal crops worldwide. Our previous studies indicated that target-site mutations (K216R/E, S217P/L, or E420K/G/D) of Type I myosin FaMyo5 conferred high resistance to phenamacril. Here, we first constructed a sensitive strain H1S and point mutation resistant strains HA, HC and H1R. Then we conducted comparative transcriptome analysis of these strains in F. asiaticum after 1 g{middle dot}mL-1 and 10 g{middle dot}mL-1 phenamacril treatment. Results indicated that 2135 genes were differentially expressed (DEGs) among the sensitive and resistant strains. Among them, the DEGs encoding ammonium transporter MEP1/MEP2, nitrate reductase, copper amine oxidase 1, 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, amino-acid permease inda1, succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, 2, 3-dihydroxybenzoic acid decarboxylase, etc., were significantly up-regulated in all the phenamacril-resistant strains. Compared to the control group, a total of 1778 and 2097 DEGs were identified in these strains after 1 g{middle dot}mL-1 and 10 g{middle dot}mL-1 phenamacril treatment, respectively. These DEGs involved in 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, chitin synthase 1, multiprotein-bridging factor 1, transcriptional regulatory protein pro-1, amino-acid permease inda1, ATP-dependent RNA helicase DED, acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase, sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2, etc., showed significantly down-regulated expression in phenamacril-sensitive strain but not in resistant strains after phenamacril treatment. In addition, cyanide hydratase, mating-type protein MAT-1, putative purine nucleoside permease, plasma membrane protein yro2, etc., showed significantly co-down-regulated expression in all the strains after phenamacril treatment. Taken together, This study provide deep insights into the resistance regulation mechanism and inhibitory effect of fungicide phenamacril and these new annotated proteins or enzymes are worth for the discovery of new fungicide targets. Author summaryFungicide phenamacril resistance occur in F. asiaticum and the resistance regulation mechanis are systematic and complex. Here, we conducted comparative transcriptome analysis of a sensitive strain H1S and point mutation resistant strains HA, HC and H1R in F. asiaticum after 1 g{middle dot}mL-1 and 10 g{middle dot}mL-1 phenamacril treatment. Among these annotated proteins or enzymes, amino-acid permease inda1, 1, 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, chitin synthase 1, multiprotein-bridging factor 1, ATP-dependent RNA helicase DED, acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase, sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2, cyanide hydratase, mating-type protein MAT-1, putative purine nucleoside permease, plasma membrane protein yro2, etc., were involved in the resistance regulation mechanism and inhibitory effect of fungicide phenamacril. Our paper provides a reference basis for the study of drug resistance in other microorganisms. In addition, the relevant proteins or enzymes annotated in our study also have reference value for the discovery of new fungicide targets.

pathology↗

bioRxiv2023

LEAFY interacts with WHEAT ORTHOLOG OF APO1 to regulate spikelet number per spike in wheat

In wheat, the transition of the inflorescence meristem to a terminal spikelet (IM[->]TS) determines the spikelet number per spike (SNS), an important yield component. In this study, we demonstrate that the plant-specific transcription factor LEAFY (LFY) physically and genetically interacts with WHEAT ORTHOLOG OF APO1 (WAPO1) to regulate SNS and floret development. Loss-of-function mutations in either or both genes result in significant and similar reductions in SNS, as a result of a reduction in the rate of spikelet meristems formation per day. SNS is also modulated by significant genetic interactions between LFY and SQUAMOSA MADS-box genes VRN1 and FUL2, which promote the IM[->]TS transition. Single-molecule fluorescence in-situ hybridization revealed a down-regulation of LFY and up-regulation of the SQUAMOSA MADS-box genes in the distal part of the developing spike during the IM[->]TS transition, supporting their opposite roles in the regulation of SNS in wheat. Concurrently, the overlap of LFY and WAPO1 transcription domains in the developing spikelets contributes to normal floret development. Understanding the genetic network regulating SNS is a necessary first step to engineer this important agronomic trait. SUMMARY STATEMENTThe plant specific transcription factor LEAFY plays an important role in the regulation of the number of spikelets per spike in wheat.

plant biology↗

bioRxiv2022

EARLY FLOWERING 3 interactions with PHYTOCHROME B and PHOTOPERIOD1 are critical for the photoperiodic regulation of wheat heading time

The photoperiodic response is critical for plants to adjust their reproductive phase to the most favorable season. Wheat heads earlier under long days (LD) than under short days (SD) and this difference is mainly regulated by the PHOTOPERIOD1 (PPD1) gene. Tetraploid wheat plants carrying the Ppd-A1a allele with a large deletion in the promoter head earlier under SD than plants carrying the wildtype Ppd-A1b allele with an intact promoter. Phytochromes PHYB and PHYC are necessary for the light activation of PPD1, and mutations in either of these genes result in the downregulation of PPD1 and very late heading time. We show here that both effects are reverted when the phyB mutant is combined with loss-of-function mutations in EARLY FLOWERING 3 (ELF3), a component of the Evening Complex (EC) in the circadian clock. We also show that the wheat ELF3 protein interacts with PHYB and PHYC, is rapidly modified by light, and binds to the PPD1 promoter in planta (likely as part of the EC). Deletion of the ELF3 binding region in the Ppd-A1a promoter results in its upregulation at dawn, similar to PPD1 alleles with intact promoters in the elf3 mutant background. The upregulation of PPD1 is correlated with the upregulation of the florigen gene FLOWERING LOCUS T1 (FT1) and early heading time. Loss-of-function mutations in ppd1 result in the downregulation of FT1 and delayed heading, even when combined with the elf3 mutation. Taken together, these results indicate that ELF3 operates downstream of PHYB as a direct transcriptional repressor of PPD1, and that this repression is relaxed both by light and by the deletion of the ELF3 binding region in the Ppd-A1a promoter. In summary, the regulation of the light mediated activation of PPD1 by ELF3 is critical for the photoperiodic regulation of wheat heading time. Author SummaryThe coordination of reproductive development with the optimal season for seed production is critical to maximize grain yield in crop species. Plants can perceive the length of the day or night (photoperiod) and use this information to anticipate seasonal changes. In most eudicot plants, CONSTANS plays a central role in the perception of photoperiod, but in wheat the main photoperiod gene is PHOROPERIOD1 (PPD1). In this study, we show that the clock gene EARLY FLOWERING 3 (ELF3) regulates the phytochrome-mediated light activation of PPD1. Loss-of-function mutations in ELF3 result in the upregulation of PPD1 at and dawn, and in early heading under both long and short days, even in the absence of PHYB. A deletion in the PPD1 promoter including an ELF3 binding region also results in earlier heading under short days, indicating that ELF3 acts as a direct transcriptional repressor of PPD1. This study shows that ELF3 plays a critical role in the wheat photoperiod pathway by regulating the light signal between the phytochromes and PPD1. ELF3 provides an additional entry point to engineer heading time in wheat, an important trait for the development of better adapted varieties to a changing environment.

plant biology↗

bioRxiv2018

Sulfated RaxX, which represents an unclassified group of ribosomally synthesized post-translationally modified peptides, binds a host immune receptor

The rice immune receptor XA21 is activated by the sulfated microbial peptide RaxX (required for activation of XA21-mediated immunity X) produced by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). Mutational studies and targeted proteomics revealed that RaxX is processed and secreted by the protease/transporter RaxB, whose function can be partially fulfilled by a noncognate peptidase-containing transporter B (PctB). RaxX is cleaved at a Gly-Gly motif, yielding a mature peptide that retains the necessary elements for RaxX function as an immunogen and host peptide hormone mimic. These results indicate that RaxX is a founding member of a previously unclassified and understudied group of tyrosine sulfated RiPPs (ribosomally synthesized, post-translationally modified peptides). We further demonstrate that sulfated RaxX directly binds XA21 with high affinity. This work reveals a complete, previously uncharacterized biological process: bacterial RiPP biosynthesis, secretion, binding to a eukaryotic receptor and triggering of a robust host immune response.

microbiology↗

bioRxiv2017

A microbially derived tyrosine sulfated peptide mimics a plant peptide hormone

O_LIThe biotrophic pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) produces a sulfated peptide named RaxX, which shares similarity to peptides in the PSY (plant peptide containing sulfated tyrosine) family. We hypothesize that RaxX functionally mimics the growth stimulating activity of PSY peptides.\nC_LIO_LIRoot length was measured in Arabidopsis and rice treated with synthetic RaxX peptides. We also used comparative genomic analysis and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) burst assay to evaluate the activity of RaxX and PSY peptides.\nC_LIO_LIHere we found that a synthetic sulfated RaxX derivative comprising 13 residues (RaxX13-sY), highly conserved between RaxX and PSY, induces root growth in Arabidopsis and rice in a manner similar to that triggered by PSY. We identified residues that are required for activation of immunity mediated by the rice XA21 receptor but that are not essential for root growth induced by PSY. Finally, we showed that a Xanthomonas strain lacking raxX is impaired in virulence.\nC_LIO_LIThese findings suggest that RaxX serves as a molecular mimic of PSY peptides to facilitate Xoo infection and that XA21 has evolved the ability to recognize and respond specifically to the microbial form of the peptide.\nC_LI

plant biology↗