Biology subjects

Jaspers, C.

Publications and source records attributed to Jaspers, C..

3 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2019

Comparative analysis of amplicon and metagenomic sequencing methods reveals key features in the evolution of animal metaorganisms

BackgroundThe interplay between hosts and their associated microbiome is now recognized as a fundamental basis of the ecology, evolution and development of both players. These interdependencies inspired a new view of multicellular organisms as \"metaorganisms\". The goal of the Collaborative Research Center \"Origin and Function of Metaorganisms\" is to understand why and how microbial communities form long-term associations with hosts from diverse taxonomic groups, ranging from sponges to humans in addition to plants.\n\nMethodsIn order to optimize the choice of analysis procedures, which may differ according to the host organism and question at hand, we systematically compared the two main technical approaches for profiling microbial communities, 16S rRNA gene amplicon- and metagenomic shotgun sequencing across our panel of ten host taxa. This includes two commonly used 16S rRNA gene regions and two amplification procedures, thus totaling five different microbial profiles per host sample.\n\nConclusionWhile 16S rRNA gene-based analyses are subject to much skepticism, we demonstrate that many aspects of bacterial community characterization are consistent across methods and that metagenomic shotgun results are largely dependent on the employed pipeline. The resulting insight facilitates the selection of appropriate methods across a wide range of host taxa. Finally, by contrasting taxonomic and functional profiles and performing phylogenetic analysis, we provide important and novel insight into broad evolutionary patterns among metaorganisms, whereby the transition of animals from an aquatic to a terrestrial habitat marks a major event in the evolution of host-associated microbial composition.

microbiology↗

bioRxiv2019

Evaluating the quorum quenching potential of bacteria associated to Aurelia aurita and Mnemiopsis leidyi

The associated microbiota of marine invertebrates plays an important role to the host in relation to fitness, health and homeostasis of the metaorganism. As one key chemically-mediated interaction, Quorum sensing (QS) and interference with QS among colonizing bacteria ultimately affects the establishment and dynamics of the microbial community on the host. Aiming to address interspecies competition of cultivable microbes associated to merging model species of the basal animal phyla Cnidaria (Aurelia aurita) and Ctenophora (Mnemiopsis leidyi) as well as to evaluate their potential to shape the associated community by interfering with QS, we performed a classical isolation approach. Overall, 84 bacteria were isolated from A. aurita medusae and polyps, 64 bacteria from M. leidyi, and 83 bacteria from the ambient seawater, followed by taxonomically classification by full length 16S rRNA gene analysis. The results show that the moon jellyfish A. aurita and the comb jelly M. leidyi harbor a cultivable core microbiota consisting of typical marine and ubiquitously found bacteria (e.g. Chryseobacter, Microbacterium, Micrococcus, Olleya, Phaeobacter, Pseudoalteromonas, Pseudomonas, Rhodococcus, Shewanella, Staphylococcus, and Vibrio) which can also be found in the ambient seawater. However, several bacteria were restricted to one host (e.g. for A. aurita: Bacillus, Glaciecola, Ruegeria, Luteococcus; for M. leidyi: Acinetobacter, Aeromonas, Colwellia, Exiguobacterium, Marinomonas, Pseudoclavibacter, Psychrobacter, Sagittula, Thalassomonas) suggesting host-specific microbial community patterns. Evaluating QQ activities, out of 231 isolates, 121 showed QS-interfering activity. They mainly interfered with the acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) based communication, whereas 21 showed simultaneous quorum quenching activities against AHL and autoinducer-2. Overall, this study provides insights into the cultivable part of the microbiota associated to two environmentally important marine non-model organisms and discloses their potential in synthesizing QS interfering compounds, potentially important in shaping a healthy and resilient microbiota.

microbiology↗

bioRxiv2019

Microbiota differences of the comb jelly Mnemiopsis leidyi in native and invasive sub-populations

The translocation of non-indigenous species around the world, especially in marine systems, is a matter of concern for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem functioning. While specific traits are often recognized to influence establishment success of non-indigenous species, the impact of the associated microbial community for the fitness, performance and invasion success of basal marine metazoans remains vastly unknown. In this study we compared the microbiota community composition of the invasive ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi in different native and invasive sub-populations along with characterization of the genetic structure of the host. By 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing we showed that the sister group to all metazoans, namely ctenophores, harbored a distinct microbiota on the animal host, which significantly differed across two major tissues, namely epidermis and gastrodermis. Additionally, we identified significant differences between native and invasive sub-populations of M. leidyi, which indicate, that the microbiota community is likely influenced by the genotypic background of the ctenophore. To test the hypothesis that the microbiota is genotypically selected for by the ctenophore host, experiments under controlled environments are required.

microbiology↗