Biology subjects

Janelidze, S.

Publications and source records attributed to Janelidze, S..

5 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2026

Stable episodic memory and high education do not influence the rate of Alzheimer's disease pathology as measured by plasma p-tau217

Alzheimers disease (AD) neuropathological changes can be detected with blood-based biomarkers during the long preclinical phase that precedes clinical diagnosis. Tau phosphorylated at threonine 217 (p-tau217) has been found to closely correlate with brain A{beta} burden. A recent large-scale cross-sectional study showed elevated p-tau217 concentrations in older individuals (Aarsland et al., 2025). This increase was higher in those with AD dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and lower in those with intact cognition and higher educational attainment. Thus, intact cognition and higher education may be associated with lower levels of AD neuropathological changes. Here we tested this hypothesis using longitudinal data from the population-based Betula study (n=1005; 1531 samples). The results revealed increases with increasing age over 10 years in p-tau217, where individuals with accelerated episodic-memory decline had the strongest increase. There were no differences in p-tau217 trajectories between individuals with lower or higher education or with well-maintained or age-typical decline in episodic memory. The lack of association with education was further replicated in the independent BioFINDER-2 cohort. These findings underscore the value of plasma p-tau217 for detecting early pathological changes in population-based settings but provide no support that individuals with well-maintained episodic memory or high educational attainment are spared from neuropathological changes.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2025

Age and Alzheimer's disease affect functional connectivity along separate axes of functional brain organization

Aging and Alzheimers disease (AD) are accompanied by alterations to large-scale communication patterns in the brain, which can be tracked in vivo using functional connectivity (FC). The location, direction and relevance of these changes remain widely debated, though they are rarely studied in the context of whole-cortex communication dynamics. In two independent cohorts (BioFINDER-2, N=973; ADNI, N=129), we show that FC changes associated with aging and AD are strongly aligned with separate fundamental axes of hierarchical brain communication. Early accumulation of AD pathology and subsequent cognitive decline are both linked to functional change along the sensory-association axis. Meanwhile, age-related functional changes occur along the representation-executive axis consistently throughout the adult lifespan. These findings together suggest AD and aging both alter major but orthogonal functional pathways in the brain. More broadly, our findings position whole-brain connectivity dynamics as a unifying framework for interpreting functional changes across the adult lifespan.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2024

Medial temporal lobe atrophy patterns in early- versus late-onset amnestic Alzheimer's disease

BackgroundThe medial temporal lobe (MTL) is hypothesized to be relatively spared in early-onset Alzheimers disease (EOAD). Yet, detailed examination of MTL subfield volumes and drivers of atrophy in amnestic EOAD is lacking. MethodsBioFINDER-2 participants with memory impairment, abnormal amyloid-{beta} status and tau-PET were included. Forty-one EOAD individuals aged [≥]65 years and, as comparison, late-onset AD (LOAD, [≤]70 years, n=154) and A{beta}-negative cognitively unimpaired controls were included. MTL subregions and biomarkers of (co-)pathologies were measured. ResultsAD groups showed smaller MTL subregions compared to controls. Atrophy patterns were similar across AD groups, although LOAD showed thinner entorhinal cortices compared to EOAD. EOAD showed lower WMH compared to LOAD. No differences in MTL tau-PET or transactive response DNA binding protein 43-proxy positivity was found. ConclusionsWe found in vivo evidence for MTL atrophy in amnestic EOAD and overall similar levels to LOAD of MTL tau pathology and co-pathologies.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2023

Cerebrospinal fluid reference proteins increase accuracy and interpretability of biomarkers for brain diseases

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers reflect brain pathophysiology and are used extensively in translational research as well as in clinical practice for diagnosis of neurological diseases, e.g., Alzheimers disease (AD). However, CSF biomarker concentrations may be influenced by non-disease related mechanisms which vary between individuals, such as CSF production and clearance rates. Here we use a data-driven approach to demonstrate the existence of inter-individual variability in mean CSF protein levels. We show that these non-disease related differences cause many commonly reported CSF biomarkers to be highly correlated, thereby producing misleading results if not accounted for. To adjust for this inter-individual variability, we identified and evaluated high-performing reference proteins which improved the diagnostic accuracy of key CSF AD biomarkers. Our novel reference protein method attenuates the risk for false positive findings, and improves the sensitivity and specificity of CSF biomarkers, with broad implications for both research and clinical practice.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2021

Independent information from PET, CSF and plasma biomarkers of tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease

PET, CSF and plasma biomarkers of tau pathology may be differentially associated with Alzheimers disease (AD) related demographic, cognitive, genetic and neuroimaging markers. We examined 771 participants with normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment or dementia from BioFINDER-2 (n=400) and ADNI (n=371). All had tau-PET ([18F]RO948 in BioFINDER-2, [18F]flortaucipir in ADNI) and CSF p-tau181 biomarkers available. Plasma p-tau181 and plasma/CSF p-tau217 were available in BioFINDER-2 only. Concordance between PET, CSF and plasma tau biomarkers ranged between 66% and 95%. Across the whole group, ridge regression models showed that increased CSF and plasma p-tau181 and p-tau217 levels were independently of tau PET associated with higher age, and APOE{varepsilon}4-carriership and A{beta}-positivity, while increased tau-PET signal in the temporal cortex was associated with worse cognitive performance and reduced cortical thickness. We conclude that biofluid and neuroimaging markers of tau pathology convey partly independent information, with CSF and plasma p-tau181 and p-tau217 levels being more tightly linked with early markers of AD (especially A{beta} pathology), while tau-PET shows the strongest associations with cognitive and neurodegenerative markers of disease progression.

neuroscience↗