Biology subjects

Jafari, N.

Publications and source records attributed to Jafari, N..

3 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2022

Novel Mathematical Model Based on Cellular Automata for Study of Alzheimer's Disease Progress

In recent years, extensive research has been done for the prediction, treatment, and recognition of Alzheimers disease (AD). Among these scientific works, mathematical modeling of AD is an efficient way to study the influence of various parameters such as drugs on AD progression. This paper proposes a novel model based on Cellular Automata (CA), a powerful collection of colored cells, for the investigation of AD progress. In our model, the synapses of each neuron have been considered as square cells located around the central cell. The key parameter for the progression of AD in our model is the amount of amyloid-{beta} (A{beta}), which is calculated by differential rate equations of the Puri-Li model. Based on the proposed model in this article, we introduce a new definition of AD Rate for a M x L-neuron network, which can be expanded for the whole space of the hippocampus. To better illustrate the mechanism of this model, we simulate a 3x3 neuron network and discuss the obtained results. Our numerical results show that the variations of some parameters have a great effect on AD progress. For instance, it is obtained that AD Rate is more sensitive to astroglia variations, in comparison to microglia variations. The presented model can improve the scientist's insight into the progress of AD, which will assist them to effectively consider the influence of various parameters on AD.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2022

Novel plasma exosome biomarkers for prostate cancer progression in co-morbid metabolic disease

Comorbid Type 2 diabetes (T2D), a metabolic complication of obesity, associates with worse cancer outcomes for prostate, breast, head and neck, colorectal and several other solid tumors. However, the molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Emerging evidence shows that exosomes carry miRNAs in blood that encode the metabolic status of originating tissues and deliver their cargo to target tissues to modulate expression of critical genes. Exosomal communication potentially connects abnormal metabolism to cancer progression. Here, we hypothesized that T2D plasma exosomes induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and immune checkpoints in prostate cancer cells. We demonstrate that plasma exosomes from subjects with T2D induce EMT features in prostate cancer cells and upregulate the checkpoint genes CD274 and CD155. We demonstrate that specific exosomal miRNAs that are differentially abundant in plasma of T2D adults compared to nondiabetic controls (miR374a-5p, miR-93-5p and let-7b-3p) are delivered to cancer cells, thereby regulating critical target genes. We build on our previous reports showing BRD4 controls migration and dissemination of castration-resistant prostate cancer, and transcription of key EMT genes, to show that T2D exosomes require BRD4 to drive EMT and immune ligand expression. We validate our findings with gene set enrichment analysis of human prostate tumor tissue in TGCA genomic data. These results suggest novel, non-invasive approaches to evaluate and potentially block progression of prostate and other cancers in patients with comorbid T2D.

cancer biology↗

bioRxiv2022

Evaluation of Various Drugs' Influence on Alzheimer's Disease Progress Using a New Analytical Model Based on Cellular Automata

This article aims to introduce and propose a novel mathematical model for the study of Alzheimers disease (AD) progress. The presented model is based on Cellular Automata for better representation of AD progression. The differential equations of the Puri-Li model are utilized to calculate the number of Amyloid-{beta} molecules. Also, a new definition for AD rate is presented in this study. Moreover, other useful factors such as Critical Rate (CR) and Warning Rate (WR) are defined to determine the status of AD progression. To get exact insight into the neuron-to-neuron communications, the model is obtained for a 3x3 neuron system to investigate the influence of drug injection on the reduction of AR, CR, and WR factors. It is shown that using drugs can decrease AR and CR factors and also enhance the WR. The presented study can be utilized for the investigation of various factors in the control and treatment of AD progression.

systems biology↗