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Ironside, A. J.

Publications and source records attributed to Ironside, A. J..

2 recordsLinked to original sources

NCOR2 represses MHC class I molecule expression to drive metastatic progression of breast cancer

Metastatic progression depends upon the ability of disseminated tumor cells to evade immune surveillance. MHC molecule expression facilitates T cell recognition and activation to permit the eradication of metastatic tumor cells. We identified nuclear corepressor 2 (NCOR2) as a key epigenetic regulator of MHC class I molecule expression on breast tumor cells. Patients with triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) that expressed high levels of NCOR2 also exhibited reduced metastasis free survival and decreased MHC class I expression, and the metastatic lesions in patients with TNBC had high nuclear NCOR2 and reduced CD8 T cell levels and activity. Genetically and experimentally reducing NCOR2 expression in tumor cells permitted interferon gamma upregulation of MHC class I, and potentiated CD8 T cell activity and induction of apoptosis to repress metastatic progression of disseminated breast cancer cells. These studies provide evidence to support NCOR2 as a targetable epigenetic regulator of metastasis towards which therapies could be developed to reduce patient mortality.

cancer biology↗

Mechanosensitive hormone signaling promotes mammary progenitor expansion and breast cancer progression

Tissue stem-progenitor cell frequency has been implicated in tumor risk and progression. Tissue-specific factors linking stem-progenitor cell frequency to cancer risk and progression remain ill defined. Using a genetically engineered mouse model that promotes integrin mechanosignaling with syngeneic manipulations, spheroid models, and patient-derived xenografts we determined that a stiff extracellular matrix and high integrin mechanosignaling increase stem-progenitor cell frequency to enhance breast tumor risk and progression. Studies revealed that high integrin-mechanosignaling expands breast epithelial stem-progenitor cell number by potentiating progesterone receptor-dependent RANK signaling. Consistently, we observed that the stiff breast tissue from women with high mammographic density, who exhibit an increased lifetime risk for breast cancer, also have elevated RANK signaling and a high frequency of stem-progenitor epithelial cells. The findings link tissue fibrosis and integrin mechanosignaling to stem-progenitor cell frequency and causally implicate hormone signaling in this phenotype. Accordingly, inhibiting RANK signaling could temper the tumor promoting impact of fibrosis on breast cancer and reduce the elevated breast cancer risk exhibited by women with high mammographic density. SummaryElevated mechano-signaling and matrix stiffness promote progesterone and RANK mediated expansion of mammary progenitors and breast cancer risk and progression.

cancer biology↗