Biology subjects

Ingvar, M.

Publications and source records attributed to Ingvar, M..

7 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2024

Decoding the elite soccer players psychological profile

Soccer is arguably the most widely followed sport worldwide, and many dream of becoming soccer players. However, only a few manage to achieve this dream, which has cast a significant spotlight on elite soccer players who possess exceptional skills to rise above the rest. Originally, such attention was focused on their great physical abilities. However, recently, it a new perspective has emerged, suggesting that being an elite soccer player require a deep understanding of the game, rapid information processing and decision-making. This growing attention has led to several studies suggesting higher executive functions in soccer players compared to the general population. Unfortunately, these studies often had small and non-elite samples, focusing mainly on executive functions alone without employing advanced machine learning techniques. In this study, we used artificial neural networks to comprehensively investigate the personality traits and cognitive abilities of a sample of 328 participants, including 204 elite soccer players from the top teams in Brazil and Sweden. Our findings indicate that elite soccer players demonstrate heightened planning and memory capacities, enhanced executive functions, especially cognitive flexibility, elevated levels of conscientiousness, extraversion, and openness to experience, coupled with reduced neuroticism and agreeableness. This research provides insights into the psychology of elite soccer players, holding significance for talent identification, development strategies in soccer and offering insights into the psychological profiles associated with success. Significance statementThis study explores the psychological profiles of elite soccer players, revealing that success on the field goes beyond physical ability. By analysing a sample of 328 participants, including 204 elite soccer players from the top teams in Brazil and Sweden, we found that elite players have exceptional cognitive abilities, including improved planning, memory, and decision-making skills. They also possess personality traits like high conscientiousness and openness, along with reduced neuroticism. Using artificial intelligence, we identified unique psychological patterns that could help in talent identification and development. These insights can be used to better understand the mental attributes that contribute to success in soccer and other high-performance fields.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2020

Stock market fluctuations impact the emotional brain on a population level.

The stock market is a bellwether of socio-economic changes that may directly affect individual well-being. Using large-scale UK-biobank data generated over 14 years, we applied specification curve analysis to rigorously identify significant associations between the local stock market index (FTSE100) and 479,791 UK residents mood, as well as their alcohol intake and blood pressure adjusting the results for a large number of potential confounders, including age, sex, linear and non-linear effects of time, research site, other stock market indexes. Furthermore, we found similar associations between FTSE100 and volumetric measures of affective brain regions in a subsample (n=39,755; measurements performed over 5.5 years), which were particularly strong around phase transitions characterized by maximum volatility in the market. The main findings did not depend on applied effect-size estimation criteria (linear methods or mutual information criterion) and were replicated in two independent US-based studies (Parkinsons Progression Markers Initiative; n=424; performed over 2,5 years and MyConnectome; n=1; 81 measurements over 1,5 years). Our results suggest that phase transitions in the society, indexed by stock market, exhibit close relationships with human mood, health and the affective brain from an individual to population level.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2019

Detection of interictal epileptiform discharges:A comparison of on-scalp MEG and conventional MEGmeasurements

Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is an important part of epilepsy evaluations because of its unsurpassed ability to detect interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs). This ability may be improved by next-generation MEG sensors, where sensors are placed directly on the scalp instead of in a fixed-size helmet, as in todays conventional MEG systems. In order to investigate the usefulness of on-scalp MEG measurements we performed the first-ever measurements of on-scalp MEG on an epilepsy patient. The measurement was conducted as a benchmarking study, with special focus on IED detection. An on-scalp high-temperature SQUID system was utilized alongside a conventional low-temperature "in-helmet" SQUID system. EEG was co-registered during both recordings. Visual inspection of IEDs in the raw on-scalp MEG data was unfeasible why a novel machine learning-based IED-detection algorithm was developed to guide IED detection in the on-scalp MEG data. A total of 24 IEDs were identified visually from the conventional in-helmet MEG session (of these, 16 were also seen in the EEG data; eight were detected only by MEG). The on-scalp MEG data contained a total of 47 probable IEDs of which 16 IEDs were co-registered by the EEG, and 31 IEDs were on-scalp MEG-unique IEDs found by the IED detection algorithm. We present a successful benchmarking study where on-scalp MEG are compared to conventional in-helmet MEG in a temporal lobe epilepsy patient. Our results demonstrate that on-scalp MEG measurements are feasible on epilepsy patients, and indicate that on-scalp MEG might capture IEDs not seen by other non-invasive modalities.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2019

Reduction of spontaneous cortical beta bursts in Parkinson’s disease is linked to symptom severity

Parkinsons disease is characterized by a gradual loss of dopaminergic neurons, which are associated with altered neuronal activity in the beta band (13-30 Hz). Assessing beta band activity typically involves transforming the time-series to get the power of the signal in the frequency-domain. Such transformation assumes that the time-series can be reduced to a combination of steady-state sine-and cosine waves. However, recent studies have suggested that this approach masks relevant biophysical features in the beta band activity--for example, that the beta band exhibits transient bursts of high-amplitude activity.\n\nIn an exploratory study we used magnetoencephalography (MEG) to record cortical beta band activity to characterize how spontaneous cortical beta bursts manifest in Parkinsons patients ON and OFF dopaminergic medication, and compare this to matched healthy controls. From three minutes of MEG data, we extracted the time-course of beta band activity from the sensorimotor cortex and characterized high-amplitude epochs in the signal to test if they exhibited burst like properties. We then compared the rate, duration, inter-burst interval, and peak amplitude of the high-amplitude epochs between the Parkinsons patients and healthy controls.\n\nOur results show that Parkinsons patients OFF medication had a 6-17% lower beta bursts rate compared to healthy controls, while both the duration and the amplitude of the bursts were the same for Parkinsons patients and healthy controls and medicated state of the Parkinsons patients. These data thus support the view that beta bursts are fundamental underlying features of beta band activity, and show that changes in cortical beta band power in PD can be explained primarily by changes in the underlying burst rate. Importantly, our results also revealed a relationship between beta bursts rate and motor symptom severity in PD: a lower burst rate scaled with increased in severity of bradykinesia and postural/kinetic tremor. Beta burst rate might thus serve as neuromarker for Parkinsons disease that can help in the assessment of symptom severity in Parkinsons disease or evaluate treatment effectiveness.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2019

Oxazepam and cognitive reappraisal: a randomised experiment

BackgroundCognitive reappraisal is a strategy for emotional regulation, important in the context of anxiety disorders. It is not known whether anxiolytic effects of benzodiazepines affect cognitive reappraisal. AimsWe aimed to investigate the effect of 25 mg oxazepam on cognitive reappraisal. MethodsIn a preliminary investigation, 33 healthy male volunteers were randomised to oxazepam or placebo, and then underwent an experiment where they were asked to use cognitive reappraisal to upregulate or downregulate their emotional response to images with negative or neutral emotional valence. We recorded unpleasantness ratings, skin conductance, superciliary corrugator muscle activity, and heart rate. Participants completed rating scales measuring empathy (Interpersonal Reactivity Index, IRI), anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, STAI), alexithymia (Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20, TAS-20), and psychopathy (Psychopathy Personality Inventory-Revised, PPI-R). ResultsUpregulation to negative-valence images in the cognitive reappraisal task caused increased unpleasantness ratings, corrugator activity, and heart rate compared to downregulation. Upregulation to both negative- and neutral-valence images caused increased skin conductance responses. Oxazepam caused lower unpleasantness ratings to negative-valence stimuli, but did not interact with reappraisal instruction on any outcome. Self-rated trait empathy was associated with stronger responses to negative-valence stimuli, whereas self-rated psychopathic traits were associated with weaker responses to negative-valence stimuli. ConclusionsWhile 25 mg oxazepam caused lower unpleasantness ratings in response to negative-valence images, we did not observe an effect of 25 mg oxazepam on cognitive reappraisal.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2018

Attenuated post-movement beta rebound in Parkinson’s disease to proprioceptive afferent feedback

Motor symptoms are defining traits in the diagnosis of Parkinsons disease (PD). A crucial component in motor function and control of movements is the integration of efferent signals from the motor network to the peripheral motor system, and afferent proprioceptive sensory feedback. Previous studies have indicated abnormal movement-related cortical oscillatory activity in PD, but the role of the proprioceptive afference on abnormal oscillatory activity in PD has not been elucidated. In the present study, we examine the role of proprioception by studying the cortical processing of proprioceptive stimulation in PD patients, ON/OFF levodopa medication, as compared to that of healthy controls (HC). We used a proprioceptive stimulator that generated precisely controlled passive movements of the index finger and measured the induced cortical oscillatory responses following the proprioceptive stimulation using magnetoencephalography (MEG). Both PD patients and HC showed a typical initial mu/beta-band (8-30 Hz) desynchronization during the passive movement. However, the subsequent beta rebound after the passive movement that was apparent in HC was much attenuated and almost absent in PD patients. Furthermore, we found no difference in the degree of beta rebound attenuation between patients ON and OFF levodopa medication. Our results hence demonstrate a disease-related deterioration in cortical processing of proprioceptive afference in PD, and further suggest that such disease-related loss of proprioceptive function is due to processes outside the dopaminergic system affected by levodopa medication.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2018

Enhanced instructed fear learning in delusion-proneness

Psychosis is characterized by distorted perceptions and deficient low-level learning, including reward learning and fear conditioning. This has been interpreted as reflecting imprecise priors in a predictive coding system. However, this idea is not compatible with formation of overly strong beliefs and delusions in psychosis-associated states. A reconciliation of these paradoxical observations is that these individuals actively develop and use higher-order beliefs in order to interpret a chaotic environment. In the present behavioural and fMRI study, we compared delusion-prone individuals (n=20), a trait related to psychotic disorders, with controls (n=23; n=20 in fMRI-part) to study the effect of beliefs on fear learning. We show that instructed fear learning, involving explicit change of beliefs and an associated activation of lateral orbitofrontal cortex, is expressed to a higher degree in delusion-prone subjects. Our results suggest that strong high-level top-down learning co-exists with previously reported weak low-level bottom-up learning in psychosis-associated states.

physiology↗