Biology subjects

Igel, A.

Publications and source records attributed to Igel, A..

3 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2024

The dynamics of prion spreading is governed by the interplay between the non-linearities of tissue response and replication kinetics

Prion diseases, or Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSE), are neurodegenerative disorders caused by the accumulation of misfolded conformers (PrPSc) of the cellular prion protein (PrPC). During the pathogenesis, the PrPSc seeds disseminate in the central nervous system and convert PrPC leading to the formation of insoluble assemblies. As for conventional infectious diseases, variations in the clinical manifestation define a specific prion strain which correspond to different PrPSc structures. In this work, we implemented the recent developments on PrPSc structural diversity and tissue response to prion replication into a stochastic reaction-diffusion model using an application of the Gillespie Algorithm. We showed that this combination of non-linearities can lead prion propagation to behave as a complex system, providing an alternative to the current paradigm to explain strain specific phenotypes, tissue tropisms and strain co-propagation while also clarifying the role of the connectome in the neuro-invasion process.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2023

The smallest infectious substructure encoding the prion strain structural determinant revealed by spontaneous dissociation of misfolded prion protein assemblies

It is commonly accepted that the prion replicative propensity and strain structural determinant (SSD) are encoded in the fold of PrPSc amyloid fibril assemblies. By exploring the quaternary structure dynamicity of several prion strains, we revealed that all mammalian prion assemblies exhibit the generic property of spontaneously generating two sets of discreet infectious tetrameric and dimeric species differing significantly by their specific infectivity. By using perturbation approaches such as dilution and ionic strength variation, we demonstrated that these two oligomeric species were highly dynamic and evolved differently in the presence of chaotropic agents. In general, our observations of seven different prion strains from three distinct species highlight the high dynamicity of PrPSc assemblies as a common and intrinsic property of mammalian prions. The existence of such small infectious PrPSc species harboring the SSD indicates that the prion infectivity and the SSD are not restricted only to the amyloid fold but can also be encoded in other alternative quaternary structures. Such diversity in the quaternary structure of prion assemblies tends to indicate that the structure of PrPSc can be divided into two independent folding domains: a domain encoding the strain structural determinant and a second domain whose fold determines the type of quaternary structure that could adopt PrPSc assemblies. HighlightsO_LIMammalian prion assemblies are highly dynamic C_LIO_LIPrion assemblies spontaneously disassemble into two infectious oligomers C_LIO_LIPrion infectivity is not exclusively encoded in the amyloid fibrils structure C_LIO_LITwo independent folding domains could structure Prion assemblies C_LI

biochemistry↗

bioRxiv2023

Pathogenicity, strain properties and interspecies transmission capacity of pure recombinant prion protein assemblies

The pathogenicity of fibrillar assemblies derived from bacterially expressed recombinant prion protein (rPrP) has been key to the demonstration that prions are infectious proteins responsible for human and animal transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. Yet, their use in identifying which structural PrP features are important for prion biology, including strain properties and capacity to transmit between species, has been hampered by their limited transmissibility de novo. We report the generation of prions with distinct biological characteristics from rPrP assemblies differing only in their primary structure (hamster, mouse and human amino acid sequence). These rPrP assemblies were transmissible to transgenic mice expressing hamster PrP, causing a clinical disease at full attack rate, brain deposition of pathological prion protein PrPSc and spongiform degeneration. Their adaptation process on serial sub-passaging seemed to depend, as for genuine prions, on the presence of a species/transmission barrier, due notably to PrP sequence mismatch. Remarkably, one of the strains obtained is an unprecedented shortened prion, lacking the 90-140 amino-acid region which is believed to be key to infectivity and structural stability of disease-associated PrP assemblies. Finally, we provide evidence that rPrP prionogenicity lies in the structural organization and/or heterogeneity of the rPrP assemblies. These preparations of rPrP offer unprecedented opportunities for meaningful studies correlating the dynamicity and structures of PrPSc assemblies to prion pathobiology. Author summaryPrions are infectious proteins, causing rapidly progressive neurodegenerative diseases in animals and humans. They are formed from the assisted-refolding and aggregation of the host-encoded prion protein (PrP). During the propagation of the disease, pathological PrP forces normal PrP to adopt its own conformation by a self-templating process. In infected host, different pathological structures of PrP or strains are found, causing diseases with specific biological phenotypes. Prions can also transmit between species. This capacity is limited by a species barrier, which critically depends on the infecting strain and PrP primary structure. How strain biological information is encoded in PrP structural fold remains unknown. We describe here the generation of different bona fide prion strains with markedly distinct adaptation capacities by transmission of refolded assemblies derived from bacterially-derived recombinant PrP (rPrP) of different species. We provide evidence that pathogenicity lies in the structural organization and/or heterogeneity of rPrP assemblies. Pathological PrP from one of the generated strains exhibited unique molecular features, including absence of domains that are thought to be key to prion infectivity, according to most recent ultrastructural studies. Our findings provide new insights for generating prion infectious material and resolving mechanisms of infectivity acquisition during PrP conversion process.

microbiology↗