Biology subjects

Hyde, L.

Publications and source records attributed to Hyde, L..

7 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2026

Longitudinal associations between task-control network functioning, cognition, and the environment in early adolescence

Neural maturation in the "task-control" frontoparietal and dorsal attention networks is thought to support the development of adolescents' cognitive and adaptive functioning. Further, theory suggests that family and neighborhood contexts shape brain network development. Yet, few longitudinal studies have examined the co-development of brain network mechanisms with cognitive and adaptive functioning or with environmental factors that could shape the maturation of these mechanisms. The present study addressed these gaps. We used longitudinal data spanning late childhood (Mage=10 years) to early adolescence (Mage=12) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (n=4862). Stable and construct-valid neural signatures of task-control network functioning were estimated using longitudinal bifactor modeling of neural responses to cognitive demand during the n-back task. Multivariate latent change-score models were used to examine co-development of this signature with cognitive efficiency (drift rate from the diffusion model), teacher-reported attention problems, family conflict, and neighborhood safety. Models accounted for baseline family income. Robust reciprocal relations between task-control activation and cognitive efficiency were identified and the latent change scores for efficiency and task-control activation were positively correlated. Similar reciprocal associations were observed between cognitive efficiency and attention problems. Baseline family income predicted the rate of change in task-control network functioning. This study demonstrates that task-control network functioning co-develops with cognition, which in turn supports attentional functioning development across early adolescence. Further, findings highlight the utility of this neural signature of task-control network functioning for understanding the neural basis of cognitive development and the mechanisms through which environmental experiences shape brain and behavior.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2026

A parsimonious, age-invariant, and psychometrically validated neural signature of task-control network functioning

Neuroimaging has vast potential for identifying brain features that support individual and developmental differences in cognition, but challenges related to the dimensionality, unreliability, and unknown developmental properties of neuroimaging measures prevent this from being realized. We overcome these challenges by applying latent variable modeling to demand-related responses in the "task-control" frontoparietal and dorsal attention networks (FPN, DAN) within the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study and Human Connectome Project. Task-control activations are well-captured by a bifactor structure with a general factor spanning FPN/DAN and network-specific factors that is remarkably invariant across middle childhood to early adolescence and largely generalizes to adulthood. Trait-state-occasion modeling reveals a general task-control trait that shows robust associations with cognitive abilities, clinical symptoms, and grades. Repeated neuroimaging substantially increases associations. Findings establish a parsimonious neural signature that generalizes across samples, is stable across development, and has broad utility for understanding developmental and individual differences in goal-directed behavior.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2026

Divergence in wilt tolerance across the range of Mimulus guttatus in the absence of stomatal regulation

Whether phenotypes and environments predict performance under stress is central to ecology and evolution and can reveal species' vulnerability to global change. We sampled Mimulus guttatus range-wide to test whether reproductive, morphological, and physiological traits predict drought responses. Surprisingly, we find that stomatal response, a key mediator of water balance, did not change as drought intensified. Climate, however, predicted survival after turgor loss: plants from regions with large daily relative to seasonal temperature ranges survived wilting longer. Stress responses also depended on life history: where summers are dry, perennials withstood lower water potentials, whereas annuals increased leaf cooling as they wilted. Known trait associations were not fixed: although many baseline traits tracked climate, none predicted drought responses. Drought performance therefore cannot be inferred from traits measured under well-watered conditions. Lacking stomatal regulation, riparian drought escapers like M. guttatus may be vulnerable if shorter growing seasons bring drought before reproduction.

plant biology↗

bioRxiv2021

Charting Brain Growth and Aging at High Spatial Precision

Defining reference models for population variation, and the ability to study individual deviations is essential for understanding inter-individual variability and its relation to the onset and progression of medical conditions. In this work, we assembled a reference cohort of neuroimaging data from 82 sites (N=58,836; ages 2-100) and use normative modeling to characterize lifespan trajectories of cortical thickness and subcortical volume. Models are validated against a manually quality checked subset (N=24,354) and we provide an interface for transferring to new data sources. We showcase the clinical value by applying the models to a transdiagnostic psychiatric sample (N=1,985), showing they can be used to quantify variability underlying multiple disorders whilst also refining case-control inferences. These models will be augmented with additional samples and imaging modalities as they become available. This provides a common reference platform to bind results from different studies and ultimately paves the way for personalized clinical decision making.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2020

Brain Connectivity Patterns in Children Linked to Neurocognitive Abilities

The development of objective brain-based measures of individual differences in psychological traits is a longstanding goal of clinical neuroscience. Here we show that reliable objective markers of childrens neurocognitive abilities can be built from measures of brain connectivity. The sample consists of 5,937 9- and 10-year-olds in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development multi-site study with high-quality functional connectomes that capture brain-wide connectivity. Using multivariate methods, we built predictive neuromarkers for a general factor of neurocognitive ability as well as for a number of specific cognitive abilities (e.g., spatial reasoning, working memory). Neuromarkers for the general neurocognitive factor successfully predicted scores for held-out participants at 19 out of 19 held-out sites, explaining over 14% of the variance in their scores. Neuromarkers for specific neurocognitive abilities also exhibited statistically reliable generalization to new participants. This study provides the strongest evidence to date that objective quantification of psychological traits is possible with functional neuroimaging.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2020

Connectomic Alterations Linked to Transdiagnostic Risk for Psychopathology at the Transition to Adolescence

BACKGROUNDConvergent research identifies a general factor ("P factor") that confers transdiagnostic risk for psychopathology. However, brain functional connectivity patterns that underpin the P factor remain poorly understood, especially at the transition to adolescence when many serious mental disorders have their onset. OBJECTIVEIdentify a distributed connectome-wide neurosignature of the P factor and assess the generalizability of this neurosignature in held out samples. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSThis study used data from the full baseline wave of the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) national consortium study, a prospective, population-based study of 11,875 9- and 10-year olds. Data for this study were collected from September 1, 2016 to November 15, 2018 at 21 research sites across the United States. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESWe produced whole brain functional connectomes for 5,880 youth with high quality resting state scans. We then constructed a low rank basis set of 250 components that captures interindividual connectomic differences. Multi-level regression modeling was used to link these components to the P factor, and leave-one-site-out cross-validation was used to assess generalizability of P factor neurosignatures to held out subjects across 19 ABCD sites. RESULTSThe set of 250 connectomic components was highly statistically significantly related to the P factor, over and above nuisance covariates alone (ANOVA nested model comparison, incremental R-squared 6.05%, {chi}2(250) =412.1, p<4.6x10-10). In addition, two individual connectomic components were statistically significantly related to the P factor after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons (t(5511)= 4.8, p<1.4x10-06; t(5121)= 3.9, p<9.7x10-05). Functional connections linking control networks and default mode network were prominent in the P factor neurosignature. In leave-one-site-out cross-validation, the P factor neurosignature generalized to held out subjects (average correlation between actual and predicted P factor scores across 19 held out sites=0.13; pPERMUTATION<0.0001). Additionally, results remained significant after a number of robustness checks. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCEThe general factor of psychopathology is associated with connectomic alterations involving control networks and default mode network. Brain imaging combined with network neuroscience can identify distributed and generalizable signatures of transdiagnostic risk for psychopathology during emerging adolescence.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2018

Prediction of Neurocognitive Profiles in Youth From Resting State fMRI

Difficulties with higher-order cognitive functions in youth are a potentially important vulnerability factor for the emergence of problematic behaviors and a range of psychopathologies. This study examined 2,013 9-10 year olds in the first data release from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development 21-site consortium study in order to identify resting state functional connectivity patterns that predict individual-differences in three domains of higher-order cognitive functions: General Ability, Speed/Flexibility, and Learning/Memory. We found that connectivity patterns involving task control networks and default mode network were prominently implicated in predicting individual differences across participants across all three domains. In addition, for General Ability scores specifically, we observed consistent cross-site generalizability, with statistically significant predictions in 14 out of 15 held-out sites. These findings demonstrate that resting state connectivity can be leveraged to produce generalizable markers of neurocognitive functioning. Additionally, they highlight the importance of task control-default mode network inter-connections as a major locus of individual differences in cognitive functioning in early adolescence.

neuroscience↗