Biology subjects

Huttenhower, C.

Publications and source records attributed to Huttenhower, C..

3 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2018

HMP16SData: Efficient Access to the Human Microbiome Project through Bioconductor

Phase 1 of the NIH Human Microbiome Project (HMP) investigated 18 body subsites of 239 healthy American adults, to produce the first comprehensive reference for the composition and variation of the \"healthy\" human microbiome. Publicly-available data sets from amplicon sequencing of two 16S rRNA variable regions, with extensive controlled-access participant data, provide a reference for ongoing microbiome studies. However, utilization of these data sets can be hindered by the complex bioinformatic steps required to access, import, decrypt, and merge the various components in formats suitable for ecological and statistical analysis. The HMP16SData package provides count data for both 16S variable regions, integrated with phylogeny, taxonomy, public participant data, and controlled participant data for authorized researchers, using standard integrative Bioconductor data objects. By removing bioinformatic hurdles of data access and management, HMP16SData enables epidemiologists with only basic R skills to quickly analyze HMP data.

bioinformatics↗

bioRxiv2018

American Gut: an Open Platform for Citizen-Science Microbiome Research

Although much work has linked the human microbiome to specific phenotypes and lifestyle variables, data from different projects have been challenging to integrate and the extent of microbial and molecular diversity in human stool remains unknown. Using standardized protocols from the Earth Microbiome Project and sample contributions from over 10,000 citizen-scientists, together with an open research network, we compare human microbiome specimens primarily from the USA, UK, and Australia to one another and to environmental samples. Our results show an unexpected range of beta-diversity in human stool microbiomes as compared to environmental samples, demonstrate the utility of procedures for removing the effects of overgrowth during room-temperature shipping for revealing phenotype correlations, uncover new molecules and kinds of molecular communities in the human stool metabolome, and examine emergent associations among the microbiome, metabolome, and the diversity of plants that are consumed (rather than relying on reductive categorical variables such as veganism, which have little or no explanatory power). We also demonstrate the utility of the living data resource and cross-cohort comparison to confirm existing associations between the microbiome and psychiatric illness, and to reveal the extent of microbiome change within one individual during surgery, providing a paradigm for open microbiome research and education.\n\nImportanceWe show that a citizen-science, self-selected cohort shipping samples through the mail at room temperature recaptures many known microbiome results from clinically collected cohorts and reveals new ones. Of particular interest is integrating n=1 study data with the population data, showing that the extent of microbiome change after events such as surgery can exceed differences between distinct environmental biomes, and the effect of diverse plants in the diet which we confirm with untargeted metabolomics on hundreds of samples.

microbiology↗

bioRxiv2017

Accessible, curated metagenomic data through ExperimentHub

We present curatedMetagenomicData, a Bioconductor and command-line interface to thousands of metagenomic profiles from the Human Microbiome Project and other publicly available datasets, and ExperimentHub, a platform for convenient cloud-based distribution of data to the R desktop. The resource provides standardized per-participant metadata linked to bacterial, fungal, archaeal, and viral taxonomic abundances, as well as quantitative metabolic functional profiles. The datasets can be immediately analyzed in R or other software with a minimum of bioinformatic expertise and no preprocessing of data. We demonstrate identification of taxonomic/functional correlations, an investigation of gut \"enterotypes\", and a comparison of the accuracy of disease classification from different data types. These documented analyses can be reproduced efficiently on a laptop, without the barriers of working with large-scale, raw sequencing data. The building and expansion of curatedMetagenomicData is based entirely on open source software and pipelines, to facilitate the addition of new microbiome datasets and methods.

bioinformatics↗