Biology subjects

Honko, A.

Publications and source records attributed to Honko, A..

3 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2021

Rapid and Durable Protection Against Marburg Virus with a Single-Shot ChAd3-MARV GP Vaccine

Marburg virus (MARV) causes a severe hemorrhagic fever disease in primates with mortality rates in humans up to 90%. Since 2018, MARV has been identified as a priority pathogen by the WHO, needing urgent research and development of countermeasures due to the high public health risk it poses. Recently, the first case of MARV in West Africa underscored the significant outbreak potential of this virus. The potential for cross border spread as had occurred during the Ebola 2014-2016 outbreak illustrates the critical need for Marburg vaccines. To support regulatory approval of the ChAd3-Marburg vaccine that has completed Phase I trials, we show that a non-replicating chimpanzee-derived adenovirus vector with a demonstrated safety profile in humans (ChAd3) protected against a uniformly lethal challenge with Marburg-Angola. Protective immunity was achieved within 7 days of vaccination and was maintained through one year post vaccination, antigen-specific antibodies were a significant immune correlate of protection in the acute challenge model (p=0.0003), and predictive for protection with an AUC = 0.88. These results demonstrate that a single-shot ChAd3 MARV vaccine generated a protective immune response that was both rapid and durable with a significant immune correlate of protection that will support advanced clinical development. One Sentence SummaryA single-shot of non-replicating ChAd3-MARV vaccine demonstrated both rapid (within 1 week) and durable (12 months) protection against lethal Marburg virus infection in macaques.

immunology↗

bioRxiv2021

Immunogenicity of an AAV-based, room-temperature stable, single dose COVID-19 vaccine in mice and non-human primates

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has affected more than 70 million people worldwide and resulted in over 1.5 million deaths. A broad deployment of effective immunization campaigns to achieve population immunity at global scale will depend on the biological and logistical attributes of the vaccine. Here, two adeno-associated viral (AAV)-based vaccine candidates demonstrate potent immunogenicity in mouse and nonhuman primates following a single injection. Peak neutralizing antibody titers remain sustained at 5 months and are complemented by functional memory T-cells responses. The AAVrh32.33 capsid of the AAVCOVID vaccine is an engineered AAV to which no relevant pre-existing immunity exists in humans. Moreover, the vaccine is stable at room temperature for at least one month and is produced at high yields using established commercial manufacturing processes in the gene therapy industry. Thus, this methodology holds as a very promising single dose, thermostable vaccine platform well-suited to address emerging pathogens on a global scale.

immunology↗

bioRxiv2017

Detecting pathogen exposure during the non-symptomatic incubation period using physiological data

Early pathogen exposure detection allows better patient care and faster implementation of public health measures (patient isolation, contact tracing). Existing exposure detection most frequently relies on overt clinical symptoms, namely fever, during the infectious prodromal period. We have developed a robust machine learning based method to better detect asymptomatic states during the incubation period using subtle, sub-clinical physiological markers. Starting with high-resolution physiological waveform data from non-human primate studies of viral (Ebola, Marburg, Lassa, and Nipah viruses) and bacterial (Y. pestis) exposure, we processed the data to reduce short-term variability and normalize diurnal variations, then provided these to a supervised random forest classification algorithm and post-classifier declaration logic step to reduce false alarms. In most subjects detection is achieved well before the onset of fever; subject cross-validation across exposure studies (varying viruses, exposure routes, animal species, and target dose) lead to 51h mean early detection (at 0.93 area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve [AUCROC]). Evaluating the algorithm against entirely independent datasets for Lassa, Nipah, and Y. pestis exposures un-used in algorithm training and development yields a mean 51h early warning time (at AUCROC=0.95). We discuss which physiological indicators are most informative for early detection and options for extending this capability to limited datasets such as those available from wearable, non-invasive, ECG-based sensors.

physiology↗