Neural and Behavioral Adaptation to Listening with a Unilateral Cochlear Implant (CI)
The human auditory system must distinguish relevant sounds from noise. Severe hearing loss can be treated with cochlear implants (CIs), but how the brain adapts to electrical hearing remains unclear. This study examined adaptation to unilateral CI use in the first and seventh month after CI-activation using speech comprehension measures and electroencephalography (EEG) recordings, both during passive listening and an active spatial listening task. Neural phase-locking to amplitude-modulated (AM) sounds interacted with time, such that phase-locking longitudinally increased stronger for 40 compared with 4 Hz. In the spatial listening task, the benefit of performing the task with the CI on vs. off was most pronounced when the CI ear was primarily exposed to target speech. Lateralized alpha oscillations ([~]10 Hz) reliably marked CI users focus of spatial attention. Stronger alpha modulation in the hemisphere opposite to the non-implanted ear indicates an attentional bias toward the acoustically hearing ear. Our findings suggest that adaptation to hearing with a CI is accomplished by dynamic changes in auditory phase-locking and a bias in auditory spatial attention. Data availabilityAll data are available from the corresponding author upon request. A table including data for most important behavioural and neural outcome measures is available at https://osf.io/tkurz/.