Biology subjects

Hershfinkel, M.

Publications and source records attributed to Hershfinkel, M..

4 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2026

An AI-assisted platform for quantitative histopathological analysis in interstitial lung disease

Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are heterogeneous pulmonary disorders characterized by chronic inflammation and/or fibrosis. 30-40% of ILD patients develop fibrotic disease that is associated with progressive respiratory decline and poor prognosis, particularly in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Current antifibrotic therapies slow disease progression but do not reverse fibrosis, highlighting the need for improved therapeutic strategies. Robust histopathological evaluation in preclinical models is essential for drug development; however, conventional scoring systems are semi-quantitative, labor-intensive, subject to inter-observer variability, and rely on limited field sampling. Here, we introduce FibroSight, a standalone platform for compartment-resolved quantification of lung remodeling in Sirius Red-stained sections. By integrating deep learning- based structural segmentation with color-based feature extraction, FibroSight enables highly automated whole-lobe analysis without requiring complex computational setup. The platform quantifies complementary remodeling parameters, including parenchymal collagen fraction, parenchymal tissue density, nuclear area fraction, parenchymal airspace fraction, and airway- and vascular-associated remodeling. Validated in the bleomycin-induced fibrosis model, FibroSight-derived metrics strongly correlated with expert Ashcroft scoring and showed stronger associations with histological severity than corresponding outputs from a semi-automated ImageJ-based workflow. The platform further distinguished inflammatory from fibrotic remodeling in influenza-induced lung injury and demonstrated translational proof-of-concept applicability in human ILD biopsy specimens. By enabling scalable, reproducible, and multi-compartment histological quantification, FibroSight provides a practical framework for objective assessment of lung remodeling. This approach expands conventional fibrosis evaluation by integrating fibrotic, inflammatory, airway, and vascular-associated readouts, supporting more precise analysis of disease mechanisms and therapeutic responses in preclinical and translational ILD research.

pathology↗

bioRxiv2024

NCLX controls hepatic mitochondrial Ca2+ extrusion and couples hormone-mediated mitochondrial Ca2+ oscillations with gluconeogenesis

Hepatic Ca2+ signaling is emerging as a key factor in mediating gluconeogenesis. However, the identity of the hepatic mitochondrial Ca2+ transporter is controversial and the role of mitochondria in controlling hormonal Ca2+ signaling and linking them to metabolic activity is poorly understood. We first interrogated the role of the mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchanger NCLX by triggering cytosolic Ca2+ purinergic signaling in primary hepatocytes, and Ca2+ responses in isolated mitochondria from WT, global NCLX KO, and conditional hepatic NCLX KO mice models. We monitored a higher rate of Na+-dependent mitochondrial Ca2+ efflux in NCLX-expressing hepatocytes, indicating that it constitutes the major Ca2+ efflux pathway. We then asked if NCLX is controlling the hormone-dependent mitochondrial Ca2+ oscillations by employing physiological concentrations of glucagon and vasopressin. Consistent with previous studies, hormone applications triggered mitochondrial Ca2+ oscillations in WT hepatocytes. In NCLX KO hepatocytes the cytosolic oscillations persisted, however, the mitochondrial Ca2+ oscillations were suppressed. To further understand the metabolic role of NCLX in the hepatic system, we examined gluconeogenic function in vivo and ex vitro by monitoring hepatic glucose production. We found that blood glucose dropped faster in the conditional KO mice and their hepatic glucagon-dependent glucose production was reduced, indicating that gluconeogenesis was impaired in hepatic conditional NCLX KO mice. Taken together, our results indicate that NCLX is the primary Ca2+ extruder in hepatocytes and is required for mediating the hormone-dependent mitochondrial Ca2+ oscillations and gluconeogenesis. SignificanceHepatic Ca2+ signaling is crucial for gluconeogenesis, but the mitochondrial control of this process is not resolved. This study identifies the mitochondrial transporter, NCLX, as a critical link between hormonal-dependent mitochondrial Ca2+ oscillations and gluconeogenesis. We first show that NCLX is the major hepatic mitochondrial efflux pathway. We then demonstrate that NCLX is required for glucagon-dependent mitochondrial Ca2+ oscillations and the acceleration of mitochondrial oxidative function. Using a conditional hepatic NCLX-null mouse model, we show that NCLX is required for maintaining hepatic glucose production during fasting and in response to glucagon stimulation. Overall, the study identifies NCLX as the integrator of hepatic mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling, required for gluconeogenesis.

physiology↗

bioRxiv2021

The mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, NCLX, mediates PDE2 dependent neuronal survival and learning

Impaired phosphodiesterase (PDE) function and mitochondrial Ca2+ - [Ca2+]m signaling leads to cardiac failure, ischemic damage and dysfunctional learning and memory. Yet, a causative link between these pathways is unknown. Here, we fluorescently monitored [Ca2+]m transients in hippocampal neurons evoked by caffeine followed by depolarization. [Ca2+]m efflux was apparent in WT but diminished in neurons deficient in the mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchanger NCLX. Surprisingly, neuronal depolarization-induced Ca2+ transients alone failed to evoke strong [Ca2+]m efflux in WT neurons. Caffeine is also a PDE inhibitor. Pretreatment with the PDE2 inhibitor Bay 60-7550 rescued [Ca2+]m efflux triggered by neuronal depolarization. Inhibition of PDE2 acted by diminishing the Ca2+ dependent reduction of mitochondrial cAMP, thereby promoting NCLX phosphorylation. Selective PDE2 inhibition also enhanced [Ca2+]m efflux triggered by neuromodulators. We found that protection of neurons against excitotoxic insults, conferred by PDE2 inhibition, was diminished in NCLX KO neurons, thus is NCLX dependent. Finally, administration of Bay 60-7550 enhanced new object recognition learning in WT but not in NCLX KO mice. Our results identify a long-sought link between PDE and [Ca2+]m signaling thereby providing new therapeutic targets.

physiology↗

bioRxiv2018

Rare Variant Pathogenicity Triage and Inclusion of Synonymous Variants Improves Analysis of Disease Associations

Many G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) lack common variants that lead to reproducible genome-wide disease associations. Here we used rare variant approaches to assess the disease associations of 85 orphan or understudied GPCRs in an unselected cohort of 51,289 individuals. Rare loss-of-function variants, missense variants predicted to be pathogenic or likely pathogenic, and a subset of rare synonymous variants were used as independent data sets for sequence kernel association testing (SKAT). Strong, phenome-wide disease associations shared by two or more variant categories were found for 39% of the GPCRs. Validating the bioinformatics and SKAT analyses, functional characterization of rare missense and synonymous variants of GPR39, a Family A GPCR, showed altered expression and/or Zn2+-mediated signaling for members of both variant classes. Results support the utility of rare variant analyses for identifying disease associations for genes that lack common variants, while also highlighting the functional importance of rare synonymous variants.\n\nAuthor summaryRare variant approaches have emerged as a viable way to identify disease associations for genes without clinically important common variants. Rare synonymous variants are generally considered benign. We demonstrate that rare synonymous variants represent a potentially important dataset for deriving disease associations, here applied to analysis of a set of orphan or understudied GPCRs. Synonymous variants yielded disease associations in common with loss-of-function or missense variants in the same gene. We rationalize their associations with disease by confirming their impact on expression and agonist activation of a representative example, GPR39. This study highlights the importance of rare synonymous variants in human physiology, and argues for their routine inclusion in any comprehensive analysis of genomic variants as potential causes of disease.

genetics↗