Haviland, Z. K. | bioRxiv Science

bioRxiv2021

An integrated multi-wavelength SCATTIRSTORM microscope combining TIRFM and IRM modalities for imaging cellulases and other processive enzymes

We describe a multimodal SCATTIRSTORM microscope for visualizing processive enzymes moving on immobilized substrates. The instrument combines Interference Reflection Microscopy (IRM) with multi-wavelength Total Internal Reflectance Fluorescence Microscopy (TIRFM). The microscope can localize quantum dots with a precision of 2.8 nm at 100 frames/s, and was used to image the dynamics of the cellulase, Cel7a interacting surface-immobilized cellulose. The instrument, which was built with off-the-shelf components and controlled by custom software, is suitable for tracking other degradative enzymes such as collagenases, as well as motor proteins moving along immobilized tracks.

biophysics↗

bioRxiv2021

Nanoscale dynamics of cellulase TrCel7A digesting cellulose

Understanding how cellulases catalyze the digestion of lignocellulose is a major goal of bioenergy research. Cel7A from Trichoderma reesei is a model exoglucanase that degrades cellulose strands from their reducing ends by processively cleaving individual cellobiose units. Despite being one of the most studied cellulases, the binding and hydrolysis mechanisms of Cel7A are still debated. We used single-molecule tracking to analyze the dynamics of 11,116 quantum dot-labeled TrCel7A binding to and moving processively along immobilized Gluconoacetobacter cellulose. Enzyme molecules were localized with a spatial precision of a few nanometers and followed for hundreds of seconds. Most enzymes bound into a static state and dissociated without detectable movement. Processive enzymes moved an average distance of 39 nm at an average speed of 3.2 nm/s. Static binding episodes preceding and following processive runs were of similar duration to static binding events that lacked any processive movement. Transient jumps of >20 nm were observed, but no diffusive behavior indicative of a diffusive search of the enzyme for a free cellulose strand end was observed. These data were integrated into a three-state model in which TrCel7A molecules can bind from solution into either a static or a processive state, and can reversibly switch between static and processive states before dissociating. From these results, we conclude that the rate-limiting step for cellulose degradation by Cel7A is the transition out of the static state either by dissociation from the cellulose surface or initiation of a processive run.

plant biology↗