Biology subjects

Hanikenne, M.

Publications and source records attributed to Hanikenne, M..

4 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2018

Differential retention of transposable element-derived sequences in outcrossing Arabidopsis genomes

Transposable elements (TEs) have initially been viewed as pure genomic parasites but are now recognized as central genome architects and powerful agents of rapid adaptation. A proper evaluation of their evolutionary significance has been hampered by the paucity of short scale phylogenetic comparisons between closely related species. Here, we characterized the dynamics of TE accumulation at the micro-evolutionary scale by comparing two closely related plant species, Arabidopsis lyrata and A. halleri. Joint genome annotation in these two outcrossing species confirmed that both contain two distinct populations of TEs with either recent or old insertion histories. Identification of rare segregating insertions suggests that diverse TE families contribute to the ongoing dynamics of TE accumulation in the two species. TE fragments that have been maintained in both species, i.e. those that are orthologous, tend to be located on average closer to genes than those that are retained in one species only. Moreover, compared to non-orthologous TE insertions, those that are orthologous tend to produce fewer short interfering RNAs, are less heavily methylated when found within or adjacent to genes and these tend to have lower expression levels. These findings suggest that long-term retention of TE insertions reflects their frequent acquisition of adaptive roles and/or the deleterious effects of removing TE insertions when they are close to genes. Overall, our results indicate a rapid evolutionary dynamics of the TE landscape in these two outcrossing species, with an important input of a diverse set of new insertions with variable propensity to resist deletion.

evolutionary biology↗

bioRxiv2018

Metagenomic assembly of new (sub)arctic Cyanobacteria and their associated microbiome from non-axenic cultures

Cyanobacteria form one of the most diversified phylum of Bacteria. They are important ecologically as primary producers, for Earth evolution and biotechnological applications. Yet, Cyanobacteria are notably difficult to purify and grow axenically, and most strains in culture collections contain heterotrophic bacteria that were likely associated to Cyanobacteria in the environment. Obtaining cyanobacterial DNA without contaminant sequences is thus a challenging and time-consuming task. Here, we deploy a metagenomic pipeline that enables the easy recovery of high-quality genomes from non-axenic cultures. We tested this pipeline on 17 cyanobacterial cultures from the BCCM/ULC public collection and generated novel genome sequences for 15 arctic or subarctic strains, of which 14 early-branching organisms that will be useful for cyanobacterial phylogenomics. In parallel, we managed to assemble 31 co-cultivated bacteria from the same cultures and showed that they mostly belong to Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria, some of them being very closely related in spite of geographically distant sampling sites.\n\nImportanceComplete genomes of cold-adapted Cyanobacteria are underrepresented in databases, due to the difficulty to grow them axenically. In this work, we report the genome sequencing of 12 (sub)arctic and 3 temperate Cyanobacteria, along with 21 Proteobacteria and 5 Bacteroidetes recovered from their microbiome. Following the use of a state-of-the-art metagenomic pipeline, 12 of our new cyanobacterial genome assemblies are of high-quality, which indicates that even non-axenic cultures can yield complete genomes suitable for phylogenomics and comparative genomics. From a methodological point of view, we investigate the fate of SSU rRNA (16S) genes during metagenomic binning and observe that multi-copy rRNA operons are lost because of higher sequencing coverage and divergent tetranucleotide frequencies. Moreover, we devised a measure of genomic identity to compare metagenomic bins of different completeness, which allowed us to show that Cyanobacteria-associated bacteria can be highly related in spite of considerable distance between collection points.

genomics↗

bioRxiv2017

Assessment Of The Potential Role Of Streptomyces In Cave Moonmilk Formation

Moonmilk is a karstic speleothem mainly composed of fine calcium carbonate crystals (CaCO3) with different textures ranging from pasty to hard, in which the contribution of biotic rock-building processes is presumed to involve indigenous microorganisms. The real bacterial input in the genesis of moonmilk is difficult to assess leading to controversial hypotheses explaining the origins and the mechanisms (biotic versus abiotic) involved. In this work we undertook a comprehensive approach in order to assess the potential role of filamentous bacteria, particularly a collection of moonmilk-originating Streptomyces, in the genesis of this speleothem. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed that indigenous filamentous bacteria could indeed participate in moonmilk development by serving as nucleation sites for CaCO3 deposition. The metabolic activities involved in CaCO3 transformation were furthermore assessed in vitro among the collection of moonmilk Streptomyces, which revealed that peptides/amino acids ammonification, and to a lesser extend ureolysis, could be privileged metabolic pathways participating in carbonate precipitation by increasing the pH of the bacterial environment. Additionally, in silico search for the genes involved in biomineralization processes including ureolysis, dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonia, active calcium ion transport, and reversible hydration of CO2 allowed to identify genetic predispositions for carbonate precipitation in Streptomyces. Finally, their biomineralization abilities were confirmed by environmental SEM, which allowed to visualize the formation of abundant mineral deposits under laboratory conditions. Overall, our study provides novel evidences that filamentous Actinobacteria could be key protagonists in the genesis of moonmilk through a wide spectrum of biomineralization processes.

microbiology↗

bioRxiv2016

PREDetector 2.0: Online and Enhanced Version of the Prokaryotic Regulatory Elements Detector Tool

In the era that huge numbers of microbial genomes are being released in the databases, it becomes increasingly important to rapidly mine genes as well as predict the regulatory networks that control their expression. To this end, we have developed an improved and online version of the PREDetector software aimed at identifying putative transcription factor-binding sites (TFBS) in bacterial genomes. The original philosophy of PREDetector 1.0 is maintained, i.e. to allow users to freely fix the DNA-motif screening parameters, and to provide a statistical means to estimate the reliability of the prediction output. This new version offers an interactive table as well as graphics to dynamically alter the main screening parameters with automatic update of the list of identified putative TFBS. PREDetector 2.0 also has the following additional options: (i) access to genome sequences from different databases, (ii) access to weight matrices from public repositories, (iii) visualization of the predicted hits in their genomic context, (iv) grouping of hits identified in the same upstream region, (v) possibility to store the performed jobs, and (vi) automated export of the results in various formats. PREDetector 2.0 is available at http://predetector.fsc.ulg.ac.be/.

bioinformatics↗