Hammam, O. | bioRxiv Science

bioRxiv2020

The Conquering influence of the Nano extracts of pomegranate peels and pistachio leaves in amelioration of acute liver failure

ObjectiveAcute liver failure (ALF) is a clinical condition with an unclear history of pathophysiology, making it a challenging task for scientists to reverse the disease in its initial phase and to help the liver re-function as usual: this study was proposed to estimate the hepatoprotective effects of Punicagranatum peel and Pistaciaatlantica leaves as a multi-rich antioxidants ingredients either in their normal and/or in their nano forms against thioacetamide induced acute liver failure in a rodent model. MethodSixty male Wistar rats were divided into six equal groups, the first group employed as a control; the second group was given a dose of thioacetamide (TAA)-350 mg/bwip., from the third to the sixth group received TAA {square} 2ml of 100gm of aqueous extracts of PunicagranatumL and Pistaciaatlantica either in their normal and/or Nano forms consecutively along 2 weeks. Resultsrecorded significant elevation in liver enzymes, lipid profiles, LPO and NO with marked significant decrease in GSH and SOD accompanied by elevation in inflammatory cytokine (IL6,TNF- and AFP) in addition to a noticeable increase in HSP70 level & degradation in DNA respectively in TAA challenged group. However significant and subsequent amelioration of most of the impaired markers has been observed with ipnano treatment of both extracts. ConclusionThe current results highlighted the high performance of both plant nano extracts and their hepatoprotective impact and their possible therapeutic role in the amelioration of TAA induced acute liver failure in experimental animals.

pharmacology and toxicology↗

bioRxiv2018

Profiling of urine bacterial DNA to identify an oncobiome in a mouse model of bladder cancer

IntroductionRecurrent urinary tract infections have been linked to increased risk of bladder cancer, suggesting a potential role of the urinary microbiome in bladder cancer pathogenesis.\n\nObjectiveCompare the urinary microbiomes in mice with and without bladder.\n\nMethodsLongitudinal study of mice exposed to a dilute bladder-specific carcinogen (0.05% n-butyl-n-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine, BBN mice, n=10), and control mice (n=10). Urine was sampled monthly from individual mice for 4 months. Microbial DNA was extracted from the urine, and the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene sequenced. Animals were sacrificed and their bladders harvested for histopathology. Bladder sections were graded by a blinded pathologist. The composition and diversity of the urinary microbiome were compared between the BBN and control mice. Metabolic pathway analysis was completed using PICRUST.\n\nResultsBladder histology in the BBN group showed normal tissue with inflammation (BBN-normal, n=5), precancerous pathologies, (BBN-precancerous, n=3), and invasive cancer (BBN-cancer, n=2). Alpha diversity did not differ between the mice exposed to BBN and the control mice at any timepoint. There were no differences in the urinary microbiomes between the BBN and control mice at baseline. At month 4, mice exposed to BBN had higher proportion of both Gardnerella and Bifidobacterium compared to control mice. There were no differences in proportions of specific bacteria between either the BBN-precancer or BBN-cancer and controls at month 4. However, the BBN-normal mice had higher proportions of Gardnerella, Haemophilus, Bifidobacterium, and Ureaplasma Actinobaculum, and lower proportions of Actinomyces, compared to control mice at month 4. Functional pathway analysis demonstrated increases in genes related to purine metabolism, phosphotransferase systems, peptidases, protein folding, and bacterial toxins in the BBN-mice compared to control mice at month 4.\n\nConclusionMice exposed to 4 months of BBN, a bladder-specific carcinogen, have distinct urine microbial profiles compared to control mice.

cancer biology↗