Renal cancer cell-derived amphiregulin recruits mesenchymal stromal cells, induces their glycolytic switch, and promotes tumour growth
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that support wound healing. Tumours, often called as wounds that do not heal, recruit MSCs, which in turn support tumour growth. The immunomodulatory MSCs properties are facilitated under hypoxic conditions, while tumours are often hypoxic and immune-suppressed. It is unclear how MSCs wound healing actions are prevented in tumours. Here, we found that renal cancer cells secrete amphiregulin which induces MSCs recruitment and facilitates tumour growth in vivo. In MSCs, AREG triggers HIF1A degradation and transcriptional reprogramming, leading to glycolytic switch, increased migration and attenuation of immunoregulatory profile. In renal cancer cells, AREG stimulates expression of oncogenic proteins, including AKR1C3, leading to increased tumour growth and angiogenesis. To our knowledge, this is the first study showing that glycolytic switch in MSCs is induced by cancer. Our study provides insight into how renal cancer cells attenuate MSCs wound pro-healing properties to facilitate tumour growth.