Govindaraj, K. | bioRxiv Science

bioRxiv2023

Mapping RUNX2 transcriptional dynamics during multi-lineage differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells

The multi-lineage differentiation capacity of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) enables its potential for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Master transcription factors play a key role during development, differentiation, homeostasis and disease pathology. RUNX2 is the master transcription factor for bone development, and it regulates several important signaling pathways during chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs. However, modulation of RUNX2 activity during hMSC differentiation into various lineages is not yet fully described. We differentiated hMSCs into chondro-, osteo-, and adipogenic lineages and studied RUNX2 protein dynamics using Transcription Factor - Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching (TF-FRAP) at different time points. The TF-FRAP method can capture the dynamic changes of RUNX2 protein mobility at the single cell level resolution, and cluster analysis shows how RUNX2 dynamics change at subpopulation level in proliferating and differentiating hMSCs. Our data show that although whole hMSC population is exposed to differentiation stimuli, some subpopulations in hMSCs do not respond to environmental cues.

cell biology↗

bioRxiv2021

Mapping SOX9 transcriptional dynamics during multi-lineage differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells

The master transcription factor SOX9 is a key player during chondrocyte differentiation, cartilage development, homeostasis and disease. Modulation of SOX9 and its target gene expression is essential during chondrogenic, osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). However, lack of sufficient knowledge about the signaling interplay during differentiation remains one of the main reasons preventing successful application of hMSCs in regenerative medicine. We previously showed that Transcription Factor - Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching (TF-FRAP) can be used to study SOX9 dynamics at the single cell level. We showed that changes in SOX9 dynamics are linked to its transcriptional activity. Here, we investigated SOX9 dynamics during differentiation of hMSCs into the chondrogenic, osteogenic and adipogenic lineages. We show that there are clusters of cells in hMSCs with distinct SOX9 dynamics, indicating that there are a number of subpopulations present in the heterogeneous hMSCs. SOX9 dynamics data at the single cell resolution revealed novel insights about its activity in these subpopulations (cell types). In addition, the response of SOX9 to differentiation stimuli varied in these subpopulations. Moreover, we identified donor specific differences in the number of cells per cluster in undifferentiated hMSCs, and this correlated to their differentiation potential.

molecular biology↗