Biology subjects

Gismann, J.

Publications and source records attributed to Gismann, J..

3 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2024

Personality predicts dispersal and settlement in a novel habitat - a mesocosm experiment

Studying the relationship between dispersal tendencies and personality, or dispersal syndromes, under ecologically relevant conditions is challenging, especially in fish. Laboratory studies lack environmental complexity and scale, while field-based approaches are often unfeasible. We here mimicked dispersal events; encompassing all three phases of dispersal (departure, transience, settlement) in a large experimental mesocosm containing a gradient of low- and high-quality breeding sites. Using Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT)-tagged three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus), we remotely monitored the movements and behaviours of two groups, each consisting of 40 individuals of known personality, continuously over two weeks. We tested whether personality variation explained differences in departure timing, transience movements, settlement success and spatial distribution along the environmental gradient. We found evidence for a dispersal syndrome. Specifically, more active/aggressive individuals dispersed quicker in the mesocosm, spent more time on territories and collected more eggs. However, we did not detect phenotype-environment correlations. Our findings highlight the importance of personality-dependent dispersal, with specific behavioural types driving dispersal and settlement success. Furthermore, our mesocosm setup provides unique insights into dispersal dynamics in a system where detailed observations in all dispersal stages are rare. Despite limitations, behavioural experiments in mesocosms serve as a valuable bridge between laboratory and natural systems.

animal behavior and cognition↗

bioRxiv2022

Mesocosm experiments reveal the loss of migratory tendencies in a recently isolated population of three-spined sticklebacks

In the 1970s, water management in the Netherlands resulted in numerous isolated populations of three-spined sticklebacks, which can no longer migrate from freshwater to the sea. We tested whether [~]50 years of isolation resulted in reduced migratory tendencies in these resident sticklebacks. Lab-based individual testing showed behavioural divergence between residents and migrants, but also produced counter-intuitive results, especially with regards to movement tendencies. To detect differences in migration tendencies, we set up a semi-natural mesocosm, consisting of connected ponds, where movements of numerous individuals could continually be tracked at larger spatial scales. We found that wild-caught residents and migrants exhibited no differences in movement tendencies within ponds, but residents moved significantly less between ponds than migrants. Between-pond movements were consistent and the observed differences were robust across contexts (changes in water flow and group size). Our study reveals that larger-scale movement tendencies can diverge over short time scales in response to human-induced isolation, and highlights the importance of observing behaviour in ecologically relevant setups that bridge the gap between lab and field studies.

animal behavior and cognition↗

bioRxiv2022

Novel pathogen introduction rapidly alters evolved movement strategies, restructuring animal societies

Animal sociality emerges from individual decisions on how to balance the costs and benefits of being sociable. Movement strategies incorporating social information -- the presence and status of neighbours -- can modulate spatial associations, helping animals avoid infection while benefiting from indirect information about their environment. When a novel pathogen is introduced into a population, it should increase the costs of sociality, selecting against gregariousness. Yet current thinking about novel pathogen introductions into wildlife neglects hosts potential evolutionary responses. We built an individual-based model that captures essential features of the repeated introduction, and subsequent transmission of an infectious pathogen among social hosts. Examining movements in a foraging context, widely shared by many species, we show how introducing a novel pathogen to a population provokes a rapid evolutionary transition to a dynamic social distancing movement strategy. This evolutionary shift triggers a disease-dominated ecological cascade of increased individual movement, decreased resource harvesting, and fewer social encounters. Pathogen-risk adapted individuals form less clustered social networks than their pathogen-risk naive ancestors, which reduces the spread of disease. The mix of post-introduction social movement strategies is influenced by the usefulness of social information and disease cost. Our work demonstrates that evolutionary adaptation to pathogen introductions and re-introductions can be very rapid, comparable to ecological timescales. Our general modelling framework shows why evolutionary dynamics should be considered in movement-disease models, and offers initial predictions for the eco-evolutionary consequences of wildlife pathogen spillover scenarios.

ecology↗