Giacomuzzo, E. | bioRxiv Science

bioRxiv2025

Food-web coupling by mobile consumers has individual to ecosystem level effects

Mobile consumers serve as a ubiquitous link, coupling the dynamics and functions of different ecosystems, ranging from diel-vertical migration of zooplankton to seasonal movements of large ungulates. Despite mounting theoretical interest, experimental tests of the effects of consumer mobility in meta-ecosystems are virtually non-existent. Here, we used an experimental microcosm system to investigate how mobile consumers (Daphnia magna) mediate ecosystem biomass, community structure, and their own fitness by coupling spatially distinct aquatic ecosystems composed of two different protist communities. We found that consumer mobility significantly influenced the effect of consumption on ecosystem biomass and the growth and reproduction of the consumers, themselves. However, the direction and magnitude of these effects depended on community composition in the connected ecosystem. Further, we found consumer mobility consistently promoted the coexistence of a competing local species, regardless of community composition in the connected ecosystem. Our findings underscore the profound role of consumer mobility in shaping individual to ecosystem-level dynamics while emphasizing a strong mediating effect of community composition across the landscape.

ecology↗

bioRxiv2021

Food web aggregation: effects on key positions

Providing standard definitions of what should be considered as a node in food webs is still an unsolved problem. Especially for comparative and predictive food web modelling, a more systematic understanding is needed for the effects of trophic aggregation procedures. Aggregation is unavoidable during data management. Therefore, it is crucial to know whether food web properties are conserved during this process. Here, we study how different aggregation methods change the positional importance of species in food webs. In particular, we investigated the effects of various aggregation algorithms on 24 indices of importance. Our work was carried out on 76 aquatic food webs coming from the Ecopath with Ecosim database (EcoBase). We considered six main types of aggregation, according to the way that the nodes were clustered. These were (i) hierarchical clustering based on the Jaccard index, (ii) hierarchical clustering based on the regular equivalence index (REGE), (iii) maximisation of directed modularity, (iv) maximisation of modularity according to modules in which species fed on the same preys, (v) maximisation of modularity according to modules in which species are fed upon by the same predators, and (vi) clustering through the group model. Hierarchical clustering based on the Jaccard index and REGE index outperformed the other four methods on maintaining the relative importance of species for all the indices of importance (except for the contrastatus index (s') and betweenness centrality (BC)). The choice between these two methods should follow our research question and the importance index we are interested in studying. The other four aggregation methods change more the centrality of species, especially the one based on maximising directed modularity. When using these aggregation algorithms, one has to keep in mind that the network will not only be smaller but also provides different information.

ecology↗