Biology subjects

Gelot, C.

Publications and source records attributed to Gelot, C..

3 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2023

Polθ is phosphorylated by Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) to enable repair of DNA double strand breaks in mitosis

DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) are deleterious lesions that challenge genome integrity. To mitigate this threat, human cells rely on the activity of multiple DNA repair machineries that are tightly regulated throughout the cell cycle1. In interphase, DSBs are mainly repaired by non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR)2. However, these pathways are completely inhibited in mitosis3-5, leaving the fate of mitotic DSBs unknown. Here we show that DNA polymerase theta (Pol{theta})6 repairs mitotic DSBs and thereby maintains genome integrity. In contrast to other DSB repair factors, Pol{theta} function is activated in mitosis upon phosphorylation by the Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1). Phosphorylated Pol{theta} is recruited to mitotic DSBs, where it mediates joining of broken DNA ends, while halting mitotic progression. The lack of Pol{theta} leads to a shortening of mitotic duration and defective repair of mitotic DSBs, resulting in a loss of genome integrity. In addition, we identify mitotic Pol{theta} repair as the underlying cause of the synthetic lethality between Pol{theta} and HR. Our findings reveal the critical importance of mitotic DSB repair for maintaining genome stability.

cell biology↗

bioRxiv2020

Polymerase Theta Inhibition Kills Homologous Recombination Deficient Tumors

PARP inhibitors (PARPi) have become a new line of therapy for Homologous Recombination (HR)-deficient cancers. However, resistance to PARPi has emerged as a major clinical problem. DNA polymerase theta (POL{theta}) is synthetic lethal with HR and a druggable target in HR-deficient cancers. Here, we identified the antibiotic Novobiocin (NVB) as a specific POL{theta} inhibitor that selectively kills HR-deficient tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. NVB directly binds to the POL{theta} ATPase domain, inhibits its ATPase activity, and phenocopies POL{theta} depletion. BRCA-deficient tumor cells and those with acquired PARPi resistance are sensitive to NVB in vitro and in vivo. Increased POL{theta} expression levels predict NVB sensitivity. The mechanism of NVB-mediated cell death in PARPi resistant cells is the accumulation of toxic RAD51 foci, which also provides a pharmacodynamic biomarker for NVB response. Our results demonstrate that NVB may be useful alone or in combination with PARPi in treating HR-deficient tumors, including those with acquired PARPi resistance. One Sentence SummaryWe identified Novobiocin as a specific POL{theta} inhibitor that selectively kills naive and PARPi resistance HR-deficient tumors in vitro and in vivo.

cancer biology↗

bioRxiv2020

An adaptive pre-DNA-damage-response protects genome integrity

The DNA damage response (DDR) interrupts cell cycle progression to restore genome integrity. However, unchallenged proliferating cells are continually exposed to endogenous stress, raising the question of a stress-threshold for DDR activation. Here, we identified a stress threshold below which primary human fibroblasts, activate a cell-autonomous response that not activates full DDR and not arrests cell cycle progression. We characterized this "pre-DDR" response showing that it triggers the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by the NADPH oxidases DUOX1 and DUOX2, under the control of NF-{kappa}B and PARP1. Then, replication stress-induced ROS (RIR) activates the FOXO1 detoxifying pathway, preventing the nuclear accumulation of the pre-mutagenic 8-oxoGuanine lesion, upon endogenous as well as exogenous pro-oxidant stress. Increasing the replication stress severity above the threshold triggers the canonical DDR, leading to cell cycle progression arrest, but also to RIR suppression. These data reveal that cells adapt their response to stress severity, unveiling a tightly regulated "pre-DDR" adaptive response that protects genome integrity without arresting cell cycle progression.

cell biology↗