Fratamico, A. | bioRxiv Science

bioRxiv2026

Zinc and iron homeostatic interactions in a mutant lacking nicotianamine vacuolar storage and citrate xylem loading

Metal homeostasis in plants relies on coordinated uptake, chelation, and transport mechanisms involving, but not limited to, citrate and nicotianamine (NA). In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), disruption of the citrate exporter FRD3 (FERRIC REDUCTASE DEFECTIVE 3) causes constitutive Fe deficiency responses, altered iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) distribution, with Fe accumulation in the root cell wall. This ultimately results in oxidative and biotic stress responses, and impaired root development, phenotypes that are partially alleviated by Zn excess. In this study, we investigated the consequences of impairing both citrate loading into xylem vessels and NA partitioning within cells. The frd3 zif1 double mutant exhibits enhanced sensitivity to Zn excess, severe defects in root system architecture and meristem maintenance, persistent oxidative stress, and compromised reproductive development. These phenotypes correlate with sustained activation of Fe deficiency signaling and marked defects in root-to-shoot metal translocation. Our findings reveal that coordinated citrate export and NA compartmentation form an integrated buffering strategy required to maintain metal homeostasis and partitioning, as well as redox balance and proper development, including root plasticity and seed yield, under fluctuating metal availability.

plant biology↗

bioRxiv2020

LED light gradient as a screening tool for light quality responses in model plant species

Current developments in light-emitting diodes (LEDs) technologies have opened new perspectives for sustainable and highly efficient indoor cultivation. The introduction of LEDs not only allows a reduction in the production costs on a quantitative level, it also offers opportunities to manipulate and optimise qualitative traits. Indeed, while plants respond strongest to red and blue lights for photosynthesis, the whole light spectrum has an effect on plant shape, development, and chemical composition. In order to evaluate LEDs as an alternative to traditional lighting sources, the species-specific plant responses to distinct wavelengths need to be evaluated under controlled conditions. Here, we tested the possibility to use light composition gradients in combination with semi-automated phenotyping to rapidly explore the phenotypic responses of different species to variations in the light spectrum provided by LED sources. Plants of seven different species (Arabidopsis thaliana, Ocimum basilicum, Solanum lycopersicum, Brachypodium distachyon, Oryza sativa, Euphorbia peplus, Setaria viridis) were grown under standard white fluorescent light for 30 days, then transferred to a Red:Blue gradient for another 30 days and finally returned to white light. In all species, differences in terms of dimension, shape, and color were rapidly observed across the gradient and the overall response was widely species-dependent. The experiment yielded large amounts of imaging-based phenotypic data and we suggest simple data analysis methods to aggregate the results and facilitate comparisons between species. Similar experimental setups will help achieve rapid environmental optimization, screen new crop species and genotypes, or develop new gene discovery strategies.

plant biology↗