Fox, J. L. | bioRxiv Science

bioRxiv2021

Mitochondrial Contact Site and Cristae Organizing System (MICOS) Machinery Supports Heme Biosynthesis by Enabling Optimal Performance of Ferrochelatase

Heme is an essential cofactor required for a plethora of cellular processes in eukaryotes. In metazoans the heme biosynthetic pathway is typically partitioned between the cytosol and mitochondria, with the first and final steps taking place in the mitochondrion. The pathway has been extensively studied, and all the biosynthetic enzymes have been structurally characterized to varying extents. Nevertheless, our understanding of the regulation of heme synthesis and factors that influence this process in metazoans remains incomplete. Herein we investigate the molecular organization as well as the catalytic and structural features of the terminal pathway enzyme, ferrochelatase (Hem15), in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochemical and genetic analyses reveal dynamic association of Hem15 with Mic60, a core component of the mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS). Loss of MICOS negatively impacts Hem15 activity and results in accumulation of highly reactive and potentially toxic tetrapyrrole precursors that may result in oxidative damage. Restoring intermembrane connectivity in MICOS-deficient cells mitigates these cytotoxic effects. Our data provide new insights into how heme biosynthetic machinery is organized and regulated, linking mitochondrial architecture-organizing factors to heme homeostasis.

biochemistry↗

bioRxiv2021

Characterisation of FADD interactome reveals novel insights into FADD recruitment and signalling at the Death Inducing Signalling Complex (DISC)

Fas-associated death domain protein (FADD) plays a vital role in the extrinsic apoptotic pathway, where it forms an essential component of the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC). However, the precise early molecular events that facilitate recruitment of FADD to the DISC remain poorly defined. Using affinity purification and mass spectrometry we investigated the FADD interactome in untreated cells and following death receptor stimulation to identify novel FADD-interacting proteins. As expected, in death receptor-stimulated samples our analysis identified key components of the DISC such as Caspase-8. In addition, we identified novel binding partners including Transferrin Receptor 1 (TfR1) and Myosin Light Chain Kinase 2 (MYLK2) that are able to modulate FADD recruitment to the DISC and consequently downstream apoptotic signaling. TfR1 is pre-associated with FADD and recruited into the DISC; moreover, our data reveal that TfR1 is also pre-associated with the death receptors, TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2, thereby functioning as a key regulator of DISC formation. In the case of MYLK2, specific binding of FADD to MYLK2 in non-apoptotic cells sequesters FADD from other DISC components ensuring aberrant apoptosis is not initiated. Furthermore, MYLK2 enzymatic activity is required to for it to translocate, in complex with FADD, to sites of DISC-mediated death receptor oligimerization. Taken together, our study highlights the important role that additional novel FADD binding partners play in the regulation of death receptor-mediated apoptotic cell death, in part by modulating FADD recruitment to the DISC.

biochemistry↗