Ernst, D. | bioRxiv Science

bioRxiv2021

Hidden conformations differentiate day and night in a circadian pacemaker

The AAA+ protein KaiC is the central pacemaker for cyanobacterial circadian rhythms. Composed of two hexameric rings with tightly coupled activities, KaiC undergoes changes in autophosphorylation on its C-terminal (CII) domain that restrict binding of of clock proteins on its N-terminal (CI) domain to the evening. Here, we use cryo-electron microscopy to investigate how daytime and nighttime states of CII regulate KaiB binding to CI. We find that the CII hexamer is destabilized during the day but takes on a rigidified C2-symmetric state at night,concomitant with ring-ring compression. Residues at the CI-CII interface are required for phospho-dependent KaiB association, coupling ATPase activity on CI to cooperative KaiB recruitment. Together these studies reveal how daily changes in KaiC phosphorylation regulate cyanobacterial circadian rhythms. One-Sentence SummaryCryo-EM structures of KaiC in its day and night states reveal the structural basis for assembly of clock regulatory complexes.

biochemistry↗

bioRxiv2020

Genetic screen to saturate guard cell signaling network reveals a role of GDP-L-fucose metabolism in stomatal closure

Guard cells regulate plant gas exchange by controlling the aperture of stomatal pores. The process of stomatal closure involves a multi-input signaling network that governs the activity of ion channels, which in turn regulate guard cell turgor pressure and volume. Here we describe a forward genetic screen to identify novel components involved in stomatal movements. Through an ozone-sensitivity approach combined with whole-rosette gas exchange analysis, 130 mutants of established stomatal regulators and 76 novel mutants impaired in stomatal closure were identified. One of the novel mutants was mapped to MURUS1 (MUR1), the first enzyme in de novo GDP-L-fucose biosynthesis. Defects in synthesis or import of GDP-L-Fuc into the Golgi apparatus resulted in impaired stomatal closure to multiple stimuli. Stomatal phenotypes observed in mur1 were independent from the canonical guard cell signaling and instead could be related to altered mechanical properties of guard cell walls. Impaired fucosylation of xyloglucan, N-linked glycans and arabinogalactan proteins did not explain the aberrant function of mur1 stomata, however our data suggest that the stomatal phenotypes observed in mur1 can at least partially be attributed to defective dimerization of rhamnogalactouronan-II. In addition to providing the genetic framework for future studies on guard cell signaling, our work emphasizes the impact of fucose metabolism on stomatal movement.

plant biology↗