Biology subjects

Dutt, T.

Publications and source records attributed to Dutt, T..

4 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2022

Evaluation of the safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of a new live-attenuated lumpy skin disease vaccine in India

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) was reported for the first time in India in 2019 and since then, it has become endemic. Since a homologous (LSD-virus based) vaccine was not available in the country, goatpox virus (GPV)-based heterologous vaccine was authorized for mass immunization against LSD in cattle. This study describes the evaluation of safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of a new live-attenuated LSD vaccine developed using an Indian field strain (LSDV/India/2019/Ranchi). The virus was attenuated by continuous passage (P=50) in Vero cells. The vaccine (50th LSDV passage in Vero cells, named as Lumpi-ProVacInd) did not induce any local or systemic reaction upon its experimental inoculation in calves (n=10). At day 30 post-vaccination (pv), the vaccinated animals were shown to develop antibody- and cell-mediated immune response and exhibited complete protection upon virulent LSDV challenge. We observed a minimum Neethling response (0.018% animals; 5 out of 26940 animals) of the vaccine in field trials among 26940 animals. There was no significant reduction in the milk yield in lactating animals (n=10108), besides there was no abortion or any other reproductive disorder in the pregnant animals (n=2889). Sero-conversion was observed in 85.18% animals in the field by day 30 pv.

microbiology↗

bioRxiv2022

Matrix-driven jamming dynamics mediates transition of ovarian cancer spheroids to stable morphologies

Cancer metastasis through a confining peritoneal fluid microenvironment is mediated by spheroids: clusters of disseminated transformed cells. Ovarian cancer spheroids are frequently cavitated and their blastuloid morphology is correlated with an extracellular matrix (ECM) coat. Here, we investigate the effects of such morphology on the mechanical integrity of confined cancer spheroids. Atomic force microscopy showed higher elastic modulus for blastuloid spheroids relative to their prefiguring non-lumen moruloid counterparts. Subsequently, spheroids were flowed through microfluidic conditions mimicking peritoneal confinement. Traversing moruloids exhibited asymmetric cell flows during entry, often deformed and disintegrated through travel, and showed an incomplete- and slow shape recovery upon exit. In contrast, blastuloids traveled faster, exhibited rapid and efficient shape recovery upon exit, symmetric vector flows, and lesser disintegration. A multiscale computational model predicted higher intercellular adhesion and a dynamical lumen make blastuloids resilient. Although, E-cadherin overexpression in moruloids did not affect their resilience, blastuloid ECM-debridement decreased E-cadherin membrane localization, obliterated the lumen, and reversed the rheological properties of blastuloids to those typifying moruloids. The ECM-induced lumen therefore drives spheroidal transition from a labile viscoplastic to a resilient elastic state allowing them to survive spatially-constrained peritoneal flows.

biophysics↗

bioRxiv2020

Signature of selection in composite Vrindavani cattle of India

Vrindavani is an Indian composite cattle breed developed by crossbreeding taurine dairy breeds with native indicine cattle in the 1960s. About 190,000 semen doses of Vrindavani bulls have been distributed to the farmers till date. The animals are under artificial and natural selection for higher milk production and adaptation to the tropical climate, respectively. However, the selection response for production and adaptation traits in the Vrindavani genome is not explored. In this study, we provide the first overview of the selection signatures in the Vrindavani genome. 96 Vrindavani cattle were genotyped using the BovineSNP50 BeadChip and the SNP genotype data of its constituent breeds were collected from a public database. Within-breed selection signatures in Vrindavani were investigated using the integrated haplotype score (iHS). Vrindavani was also compared to each of its parental breeds to discover between-population signatures of selection using two approaches, cross-population extended haplotype homozygosity (XP-EHH) and fixation index (FST). Selection of signature identifies 11 common region identified by more than one harbouring genes such as LRP1B, TNNI3K, APOB, CACNA2D1, FAM110B and SPATA17 associated with production and adaptation. Overall, our results suggested stronger selective pressure on regions responsible for adaptation compared to milk yield.

genetics↗

bioRxiv2020

Genome-wide SNP data unravel the ancestry and signatures of divergent selection in Ghurrah pigs of India

The evolution and domestication of pigs is a complex and ongoing process. Despite its rich biodiversity and proximity to the geographical origins of Sus scrofa domesticus, the place of Indian pigs in the global phylogeny is unclear. Using microarray-derived (porcine 60K SNP chip) genotypes of 11 Ghurrah pigs from North-Western India and a public dataset comprising 2113 pigs of 146 breeds, we determined the genomic ancestry of Ghurrah pigs and compared their genetic constitution to European and Asian breeds to ascertain signatures of divergent selection. Results showed that Ghurrah pigs contain genes of Asian and European ancestry with signs of inter-species introgression. Using Admixture LD - decay statistics, the European admixture event was dated to the recent past, coinciding with the start of cross-breeding efforts in India. The complex Asian ancestry pattern of the breed resembled that of wild boars of South - Central China and Thailand, possibly suggesting introgression from an Indian wild boar relative. FST and XP - EHH comparisons with Asian breeds highlighted divergent selection in genomic regions associated with odontogenesis and skeletal muscle development. Comparisons with European commercial breeds revealed that genomic regions governing olfaction and response to sensory stimulation were under selection in Ghurrah pigs. QTL for meat and carcass traits also showed divergent selection between European breeds and Ghurrah pigs. Our results present the first genomic characterization of an Indian pig breed using dense microarray-derived genotypes and highlight the importance of further genomic characterization of Indian domestic and wild pigs.

genomics↗