Biology subjects

Durduran, T.

Publications and source records attributed to Durduran, T..

7 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2026

Cerebral hemodynamics and cytochrome c oxidase in hypoxic-ischemic rabbit fetuses

Background: Understanding fetal brain responses to hypoxia-ischemia is of growing interest, as it remains unclear to what extent these responses differ from those of newborns and whether developmental adaptations during gestation contribute to such differences. Materials and methods: Using a combination of broadband near-infrared spectroscopy (bNIRS) and diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS), we measured brain microvascular oxygen saturation (StO2), total hemoglobin concentration (THC), relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF), and the oxidation state of cytochrome c oxidase (oxCCO) during an acute ischemic challenge in the brains of five rabbit fetuses in utero. Simultaneous measurements were acquired from four control fetuses located in the contralateral uterine horn. Results: During the hypoxia-ischemia phase, we observed a rapid reduction of CBF (47% +/- 29%) and StO2, (from 64.7% +/- 1.5% at baseline to 40.6% +/- 2.0%) together with an increase of oxCCO (3.7 uM +/- 0.5 uM). Conclusion: The simultaneous increase in oxCCO and decrease in rCBF and StO2 during hypoxia-ischemia reveals a cerebral response pattern that differs from that commonly reported in the newborn brain. These findings support the hypothesis that unique developmental adaptations influence fetal cerebral metabolism during hypoxic-ischemic stress.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2025

On-skin, micro-lens enabled camera module for speckle contrast optical spectroscopy/tomography

In this paper, we introduce a speckle contrast optical spectroscopy/tomography (SCOS/SCOT) configuration based on an integrated imaging approach exploiting 113 micro-objetives mounted on a commercial CMOS camera that operates without fiber coupling, suitable for direct skin contact measurements and simultaneous multiple source-detector separation acquisitions. This compact system was validated ex vivo on phantoms and in vivo by monitoring the blood flow on the forearm muscle of a healthy human subject. The measurements, performed at multiple source-detector separations and camera exposure times, demonstrate excellent agreement with the theory based on the correlation-diffusion model. In vivo data demonstrate the capability of tracking pulsatile blood flow with a high signal-to-noise ratio (>4 harmonics of the cardiac pulse frequency detected) and sensitivity to small changes in muscle blood flow. This micro-objective array-based design overcomes a key challenge towards wearable SCOS/SCOT devices.

bioengineering↗

bioRxiv2025

A Toolbox for the Personalization of Plasmonic Photothermal Therapy in Orthotopic Mouse Tumor Models

The clinical translation of plasmonic photothermal therapy is hindered by a lack of reliable personalization protocols. In this study we implemented a non-invasive toolbox to assess how tumor optical and hemodynamic properties can serve as markers of progression and be used in personalized simulations to extrapolate therapy conditions, both necessary steps for individualized treatment planning. The toolbox integrated near-infrared diffuse optical monitoring techniques, thermal imaging, ex vivo assays and physical simulations. It was applied to patient-derived orthotopic clear cell renal cell carcinoma mouse models, at 1 cm3 volumes, providing clinically more relevant conditions than those of commonly used models. Gold nanorods (GNRs) with absorption tuned to the optical window and fixed irradiation conditions were employed. Therapy safety and efficacy were established using standard methods and pre-GNR injection, pre-therapy and post-therapy measurements obtained with the toolbox were analyzed to model therapy progression. Results revealed an association between tumor water concentration and accumulated GNR fraction in the tumor, a correlation between the pre-therapy tumor absorption coefficient and the maximum skin temperature reached, and a link between simulated treated volume estimates and progression-free survival, among other findings. These results demonstrate the capabilities of optical measurements to model the outcome and explain the mechanisms involved in the therapy, advancing towards a personalization strategy.

biophysics↗

bioRxiv2023

Anatomical Modeling and Optimization of Speckle Contrast Optical Tomography

Traditional methods for mapping cerebral blood flow (CBF), such as positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, offer only isolated snapshots of CBF due to scanner logistics. Speckle contrast optical tomography (SCOT) is a promising optical technique for mapping CBF. However, while SCOT has been established in mice, the method has not yet been demonstrated in humans - partly due to a lack of anatomical reconstruction methods and uncertainty over the optimal design parameters. Herein we develop SCOT reconstruction methods that leverage MRI-based anatomical head models and finite-element modeling of the SCOT forward problem (NIRFASTer). We then simulate SCOT for CBF perturbations to evaluate sensitivity of imaging performance to exposure time and SD-distances. We find image resolution comparable to intensity-based diffuse optical tomography at superficial cortical tissue depth ([~]1.5 cm). Localization errors can be reduced by including longer SD-measurements. With longer exposure times speckle contrast decreases, however, noise decreases faster, resulting in a net increase in SNR. Specifically, extending exposure time from 10s to 10ms increased SCOT SNR by 1000X. Overall, our modeling methods provide anatomically-based image reconstructions that can be used to evaluate a broad range of tissue conditions, measurement parameters, and noise sources and inform SCOT system design.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2023

A comprehensive workflow and its validation for simulating diffuse speckle statistics for optical blood flow measurements

Diffuse optical methods including speckle contrast optical spectroscopy and tomography (SCOS and SCOT), use speckle contrast (k) to measure deep blood flow. In order to design practical systems, parameters such as signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the effects of limited sampling of statistical quantities, should be considered. To that end, we have developed a method for simulating speckle contrast signals including effects of detector noise. The method was validated experimentally, and the simulations were used to study the effects of physical and experimental parameters on the accuracy and precision of k. These results revealed that systematic detector effects resulted in decreased accuracy and precision of k in the regime of low detected signals. The method can provide guidelines for the design and usage of SCOS and/or SCOT instruments.

bioengineering↗

bioRxiv2023

In vivo characterization of the optical and hemodynamic properties of the human sternocleidomastoid muscle through ultrasound-guided hybrid near-infrared spectroscopies.

The non-invasive monitoring of the hemodynamics and metabolism of the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) during respiration became a topic of increased interest partially due to the increased use of mechanical ventilation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Near-infrared diffuse optical spectroscopies were proposed as potential practical monitors of increased recruitment of SCM during respiratory distress. They can provide clinically relevant information on the degree of the patients respiratory effort that is needed to maintain an optimal minute ventilation, with potential clinical application ranging from evaluating chronic pulmonary diseases to more acute settings, such as acute respiratory failure, or to determine the readiness to wean from invasive mechanical ventilation. In this paper, we present a detailed characterization of the optical properties (wave-length dependent absorption and reduced scattering coefficients) and hemodynamic properties (oxy-, deoxy- and total hemoglobin concentrations, blood flow, blood oxygen saturation and metabolic rate of oxygen extraction) of the human SCM, obtained by measuring sixty-five subjects through ultrasound-guided near-infrared time-resolved and diffuse correlation spectroscopies. We provide detailed tables of the results related to SCM baseline (i.e. muscle at rest) properties, and reveal significant differences on the measured parameters due to variables such as side of the neck, sex, age, body mass index and thickness of the overlaying tissues, allowing future clinical studies to take into account such dependencies.

physiology↗

bioRxiv2022

Multi-Mode Fiber-Based Speckle Contrast Optical Spectroscopy: Analysis of Speckle Statistics

Speckle contrast optical spectroscopy/tomography (SCOS/T) provides a real-time, non-invasive, and cost-efficient optical imaging approach to mapping of cerebral blood flow. By measuring many speckles (n>>10), SCOS/T has increased signal-to-noise ratio relative to diffuse correlation spectroscopy, which measures one or a few speckles. However, the current free-space SCOS/T designs are not ideal for large field-of-view imaging in humans because the curved head contour cannot be readily imaged with a single flat sensor and hair obstructs optical access. Herein we evaluate the feasibility of using cost-efficient multi-mode fiber (MMF) bundles for use in SCOS/T systems. One challenge with speckle contrast measurements is the potential for confounding noise sources (e.g., shot noise, readout noise) to contribute to the standard deviation measure and corrupt the speckle contrast measure that is central to the SCOS/T systems. However, for true speckle measurements, the histogram of pixel intensities from light interference follows a non-Gaussian distribution, specifically a gamma distribution with non-zero skew, whereas most noise sources have pixel intensity distributions that are Gaussian. By evaluating speckle data from static and dynamic targets imaged through MMF, we use histograms and statistical analysis of pixel histograms to evaluate whether the statistical properties of the speckles are retained. We show that flow-based speckle can be distinguished from static speckle and from sources of system noise through measures of skew in the pixel intensity histograms. Finally, we illustrate in humans that MMF bundles relay blood flow information. (C) 2022 Optica Publishing Group

bioengineering↗