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Dunham, B. P.

Publications and source records attributed to Dunham, B. P..

2 recordsLinked to original sources

Aberrant medial prefrontal cortex activity and flexible behavior in the TgF344-AD rat model of Alzheimer's disease

Cognitive deficits, including deficits in the ability to shift behavior following negative consequences, often precede the accumulation of canonical neuropathological markers (A{beta} plaques and tauopathy) and severe dementia in Alzheimers disease (AD) patients. The Tg-F344-AD rat model exhibits age-dependent AD pathology and memory deficits that recapitulate AD, However, it is unknown how medial prefrontal cortex activity is altered in awake and behaving AD rats during learning and/or flexible behavior. Here we determine the ability of in 6-7month-old TgF344-AD rats to learn reward predictive cues and to shift behavior away from reward-predictive cues following outcome devaluation while recording mPFC neurons. Specifically, AD rats (n=17) and wild-type littermates (n=17) were presented with two distinct cues as conditioned stimuli (CS+) predicting distinct outcomes. A conditioned taste aversion to one outcome was induced, after which the rats were tested post-devaluation to evaluate their ability to avoid the CS+ associated with the devalued outcome. We found a loss of motivated behavior during learning and a loss of flexible behavior during testing in 6-7-month-old AD rats relative to WT littermate controls. In addition, there was differential aberrant mPFC encoding of cue-outcome associations in AD rats during conditioning and following outcome devaluation. Specifically, AD animals show fewer neurons during conditioning that encode both the cue and the outcome than WT animals. Also, AD animals also showed a greater proportion of neurons that exhibited an excited response to reward predictive cues post-outcome devaluation. Together, these data contribute to our understanding of alterations in mPFC that may underline prodromal AD behavioral deficits to inform future treatments.

neuroscience↗

Chronic paternal morphine exposure increases sensitivity to morphine-derived antinociception

Parental exposure to drugs of abuse such as opioids can have profound and long-lasting effects on reward processing and drug sensitivity across generations. However, little is known about the impact of long-term paternal exposure to morphine on offspring sensitivity to morphine-derived antinociception during painful experiences. To address this question, we constructed a rat pain scale at millisecond timescales to measure mechanical nociception in a multigenerational morphine exposure paradigm. Surprisingly, while developing the pain scale, we found that von Frey hair filaments (VFHs), the most common stimuli used in pain research, are not painful to rats and morphine did not change the touch-like responses elicited by VFHs. We next deployed this novel pain scale to determine whether chronic morphine exposure in sires impacted pain sensitivity in the next generation. Offspring produced from a cross of morphine-treated sires and drug-naive dams, did not show any baseline changes in sensitivity to mechanical nociception. However, morphine-sired male progeny displayed a higher sensitivity to the antinociceptive properties of morphine, as measured by our pain scale. These findings demonstrate that long-term paternal exposure to morphine increases sensitivity to morphine-derived analgesia in the subsequent generation.

neuroscience↗