Multichromatic Near-Infrared Imaging to Assess Interstitial Lymphatic and Venous Uptake In Vivo
SignificanceChanges in interstitial fluid clearance are implicated in many diseases. Using NIR imaging with properly sized tracers could enhance our understanding of how venous and lymphatic drainage are involved in disease progression or enhance drug delivery strategies. AimWe investigated multichromatic NIR imaging with multiple tracers to assess in vivo microvascular clearance kinetics and pathways in different tissue spaces. ApproachWe used a chemically inert IR Dye 800CW (free dye) to target venous capillaries and a purified conjugate of IR Dye 680RD with a 40 kDa PEG (PEG) to target lymphatic capillaries in vivo. Optical imaging settings were validated and tuned in vitro using tissue phantoms. We investigated multichromatic NIR imagings utility in two in vivo tissue beds - the mouse tail and rat knee joint. We then tested the ability of the approach to detect interstitial fluid perturbations due to exercise. ResultsIn an in vitro simulated tissue environment, free dye and PEG mixture allowed for simultaneous detection without interference. Co-injected NIR tracers cleared from the interstitial space via distinct routes allowed assessment lymphatic and venous uptake in the mouse tail. We determined that exercise after injection transiently increased lymphatic drainage as measured by lower normalized intensity immediately after exercise, while exercise pre-injection exhibited a transient delay in clearance from the joint ConclusionsNIR imaging enables of simultaneous imaging of lymphatic and venous-mediated fluid clearance with great sensitivity and can be used to measure transient changes in clearance rates and pathways.