Demetrowitsch, T. J. | bioRxiv Science

bioRxiv2025

Aphid infestation induces plant-sex-specific changes in floral chemistry and pollinator behaviour in Silene latifolia

Pollinators share the complex information and resource landscape of their host plants with herbivores. Yet, how sap feeders affect floral attractiveness to pollinators remains poorly understood, despite the critical role of this tripartite interaction in natural and agricultural ecosystems. In dioecious plant species, which display pronounced sexual dimorphism, these intricate interactions may vary in magnitude and direction between females and males, with significant implications for plant population dynamics and species co-evolution. In this study, we examined how infestation by the oligophagous aphid Brachycaudus lychnidis affects sex-specific interactions among the dioecious plant Silene latifolia and its specialist moth pollinator Hadena bicruris. We exposed male and female plants to aphid herbivory and evaluated its effects on floral traits (visual cues, floral scent, and nectar chemistry) and pollinator behaviour. While aphid infestation affected some floral traits equally in both sexes and others more strongly in males or in females, we observed stronger declines in female attractiveness to pollinators, which were mainly linked to nectar compounds potentially acting as feeding cues or behavioural modulators. We discuss our results in the light of sexual selection and plant defence theory while emphasizing the complementarity of female and male traits in stabilizing this specialized plant-pollinator-herbivore system. HighlightAphid infestation alters multiple visual and chemical floral traits in a plant sex-specific manner, leading to reduced attractiveness to moth pollinators in female plants, but not in males. Graphical AbstractPlant-sex specific effect of aphid infestation on floral traits (number, size, colour, scent composition, nectar quantity and composition) and pollinator behaviour. O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=171 SRC="FIGDIR/small/666187v3_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1"> View larger version (38K): org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@14256borg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@a49b05org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@bd8c92org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@57eb93_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG C_FIG

plant biology↗

bioRxiv2022

A metabolomic view on local climate adaptation: Latitudinal divergence of heat and drought responses in a coastal plant

Studying natural variation in multi-stress resistance is central for predicting and managing the population dynamics of wild plant species under rapid global change. Yet, it remains a challenging goal in this field to integrate knowledge on the complex biochemical underpinnings for the targeted non-model species. Here, we studied latitudinal divergence in combined drought and heat stress resistance in European populations of the dune plant Cakile maritima, by combining comprehensive plant phenotyping with metabolic profiling via FT-ICR-MS and UPLC-TQ-MS/MS. We observed pronounced constitutive divergence in growth phenology, leaf functional traits and defence chemistry (glucosinolates, alkaloids) among population origins. Most importantly, the magnitude of growth reduction under stress was partly weaker in southern plants and associated with divergence in plastic growth responses (root expansion, leaf abscission) and the stress-induced modulation of primary and specialized metabolites with known central functions not only in plant abiotic but also biotic stress resistance. Our study supports that divergent selection has shaped the constitutive and stress-induced expression of numerous morphological and biochemical functional traits to mediate higher abiotic stress resistance in southern Cakile populations, and highlights that metabolomics is a powerful tool to explore the mechanistic underpinnings of local stress adaptation in non-model species. HighlightPlant defence chemistry and its modulation by abiotic stress exhibits latitudinal clines across natural populations of a coastal plant.

ecology↗