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Dehghan, S.

Publications and source records attributed to Dehghan, S..

2 recordsLinked to original sources

ΔCt-Informed, Calibrated Logistic Regression Accurately Attributes mecA in Staphylococcus aureus-Positive Wound Specimens.

In wound specimens, co-detection of mecA and Staphylococcus aureus by PCR does not necessarily indicate MRSA because coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) frequently harbor mecA. We evaluated a {Delta}Ct-informed, biologically gated, calibrated logistic regression to attribute mecA to S. aureus versus CoNS. Using paired culture/AST and multiplex real-time PCR Ct values (internal n=93; external n=47), we trained 5-fold cross-validated models in the culture-positive S. aureus subset (n=36) and applied an S. aureus PCR gate (no attribution when S. aureus PCR is negative). The primary model achieved sensitivity 90.9% and specificity 92.0% for MRSA attribution with AUC 0.931 (out-of-fold). Decision curve analysis showed positive net benefit across clinically relevant thresholds; at the prespecified 50% cutoff, the model achieved a net benefit of 0.222 compared with negative benefit for a treat-all strategy. In an external cohort, S. aureus detection by PCR versus culture showed 92.3% sensitivity and 97.1% specificity; within S. aureus PCR-positives (n=12), MRSA attribution reached 100% sensitivity and 87.5% specificity (accuracy = 91.7%). This framework improves mecA interpretability in polymicrobial specimens and can reduce unnecessary MRSA-directed antibiotics.

microbiology↗

Olfactory bulb stimulation mitigates Alzheimer-like disease progression

BackgroundDeep brain stimulation (DBS) has demonstrated potential in mitigating Alzheimers disease (AD). However, the invasive nature of DBS presents challenges for its application. The olfactory bulb (OB), showing early AD-related changes and extensive connections with memory regions, offers an attractive entry point for intervention, potentially restoring normal activity in deteriorating memory circuits. AimsOur study examined the impact of electrically stimulating the OB on working memory as well as pathological and electrophysiological alterations in the OB, medial prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and entorhinal cortex in amyloid beta (A{beta}) AD model rats. MethodsMale Wistar rats underwent surgery for electrode implantation in brain regions, inducing Alzheimers-like disease. Bilateral olfactory bulb (OB) electrical stimulation was performed for 1 hour daily to the OB of stimulation group animals for 18 consecutive days, followed by evaluations of histological, behavioral, and local field potential signal processing. ResultsOB stimulation counteracted A{beta} plaque accumulation and prevented AD-induced working memory impairments. Furthermore, it prompted an increase in power across diverse frequency bands and enhanced functional connectivity, particularly in the gamma band, within the investigated regions during a working memory task. ConclusionThis preclinical investigation highlights the potential of olfactory pathway-based brain stimulation to modulate the activity of deep-seated memory networks for AD treatment. Importantly, the accessibility of this pathway via the nasal cavity lays the groundwork for the development of minimally invasive approaches targeting the olfactory pathway for brain modulation.

neuroscience↗