Targeting C42 in PKGIα alleviates diastolic dysfunction in HFpEF
BackgroundIn our exploration of novel therapeutic strategies for treating heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), we focused on cysteine 42 (C42) in cGMP-dependent protein kinase I (PKGI), which plays a crucial role in regulating blood pressure and diastolic relaxation. Our findings demonstrate that targeting C42 on PKGI with urolithin A effectively limits diastolic dysfunction and cardiac remodeling in a multi-hit mouse model of HFpEF, while also improving the kinetics of relaxation and contraction in human-engineered heart tissue. MethodsWe evaluated various polyphenols, including urolithin A, for their capacity to oxidize and activate PKGI. This assessment involved recombinant protein, isolated rat aortic smooth muscle cells, and myography experiments using isolated mesenteric vessels. Additionally, we investigated the ability of urolithin A to stimulate PKGI-dependent phosphorylation of phospholamban (PLN) in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs). A multi-hit mouse model was employed to induce HFpEF in wild-type and C42S PKGI knock-in (KI) mice. Following this, the mice were given vehicle or urolithin A by gavage, and heart function was evaluated using echocardiography. The relevance to human physiology was assessed using human-engineered heart tissue. ResultsThe polyphenols quercetin, fisetin, and urolithin A were shown to induce C42-dependent activation of PKGI. This mechanism of kinase activation led to vasorelaxation, which was attenuated in mesenteric vessels isolated from KI mice. Additionally, urolithin A treatment promoted PKGI-dependent phosphorylation of phospholamban in isolated cardiomyocytes. In a multi-hit model of HFpEF, urolithin A reversed diastolic dysfunction and cardiac remodeling in wild-type mice, but not in KI mice. These findings were shown to be likely relevant to humans, as urolithin A also enhanced the kinetics of relaxation and contraction in human-engineered heart tissue. ConclusionsTargeting C42 in PKGI with urolithin A presents a promising new strategy for the treatment of HFpEF.