Biology subjects

Csiszar, V.

Publications and source records attributed to Csiszar, V..

6 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2024

Survival cost sharing among altruistic full siblings in Mendelian population

BackgroundWe focus on Haldanes familial selection in monogamous families in a diploid population, where the survival probability of each sibling is determined by altruistic food sharing with its siblings during starvation. An autosomal recessive-dominant or intermediate allele pair uniquely determines the altruistic or selfish behavior, which are coded by homozygotes. We focus on the case when additive cost and benefit functions determine the survival probability of each full sibling. ResultsWe provide conditions for the existence of the altruistic and selfish homozygote. We show that the condition of evolutionary stability of altruism depends on the genotype-phenotype mapping. Furthermore, if the offspring size increases then the condition of evolutionary stability of altruism becomes stricter. Contrary to that, for the evolutionary stability of selfish behavior it is enough if the classical Hamiltons rule does not hold. Moreover, when the classical Hamiltons rule holds and the condition of evolutionarily stability of altruism does not hold, then the selfish and altruistic phenotypes coexist. ConclusionsIn summary, the classical Hamiltons rule is a sufficient condition for the existence of altruism, but it alone does not imply the evolutionary stability of the pure altruistic homozygote population when the altruistic siblings share the cost of altruism.

evolutionary biology↗

bioRxiv2024

Lossless Single-Molecule Counting To Absolute QuantifyProteoforms

A novel immunoassay, termed Protein Interaction Coupling (PICO), is introduced to deliver unequivocal, reference-free quantification of proteoforms - absolute quantification. PICO employs a compartmentalized, homogeneous single-molecule assay with a lossless and highly sensitive signal generation, capable of detecting down to a few molecules per reaction. Additionally, it utilises a background-free, digital enumeration principle, known as the decouplexing. PICO is presented as exact mathematical theories, providing a theoretical comprehension of its chemistry. Consequently, PICO demonstrates absolute quantification, as exemplified with recombinant and non-recombinant ErbB2 and multi-tagged peptide rTRX targets, validating absolute quantification against internal and external references in both analytical and cellular matrices. Furthermore, PICO enables combinatorial multiplexing (cplex), a readout between any two antibodies, demonstrated by an 8-plex antibody, 12-cplex PICO, measuring functional changes of ErbB pathway upon mock and dactolisib treatment delivering absolute quantitative cellular stoichiometry. PICO possesses immense potential for versatile, standardized, and accurate protein measurements, offering insights into physiological and perturbed cellular processes.

molecular biology↗

bioRxiv2024

Matrix game between full siblings in Mendelian populations

We demonstrate that static evolutionary stability implies the stability of the corresponding interior equilibrium point in genotype dynamics, while a certain form of monotonicity ensures the global stability of a homozygote state. We apply our findings to familial selection in a diploid, panmictic population, where the survival rates of siblings within monogamous and exogamous families are determined by a matrix game, and the behavior is uniquely determined by an autosomal recessive-dominant or intermediate allele pair. We provide conditions for the existence of each homozygote. In our numerical investigations of the Prisoners Dilemma between siblings, we distinguish two scenarios: cooperation (collaborating case) or defector-cooperator strategy pair (alternating case) that maximizes the siblings survival rates. Based on the stability of the pure cooperator and defector states, we provide a potential classification of genotype dynamics. We find that the pure cooperator population cannot fixate in the alternating case. However, in the collaborating case, fixation is possible but not necessary, since bistability, coexistence, moreover, the monostable fixation of pure defector state can also occur due to the interplay between the phenotypic payoff function and the genotype-phenotype mapping, which collectively determine the outcome of natural selection. In donation game, the classical Hamiltons rule implies the fixation of the cooperation in all considered genotype-phenotype mappings. Author SummaryIn this article, we explore the dynamics among full siblings who can mutually aid each other for survival. The strategy (cooperator or defector) of each sibling is determined by Mendelian (dominant-recessive or intermediate) inheritance. The interaction between two siblings is modelled as a Prisoners Dilemma. We examine two scenarios: cooperation (collaborating case) and a defector-cooperator strategy pair (alternating case), aiming to maximize the combined survival rates of the interacting siblings. The endpoint of natural selection is determined by Mendelian inheritance and the two Prisoners dilemma scenarios. Our findings reveal the potential for the fixation of both cooperation and defection, as well as the stable coexistence of these strategies within the studied selection environment. Notably, in the alternating case, the fixation of a pure cooperating population is not achievable under the considered inheritance systems. Furthermore, when cooperation is recessive, its fixation is more likely but not guaranteed.

evolutionary biology↗

bioRxiv2022

Genesis of Ecto-symbiotic features based on Commensalistic Syntrophy

The origin of eukaryotes and organellogenesis have been recognized as a major evolutionary transition and subject to in-depth studies. Acknowledging the fact that the initial interactions and conditions of cooperative behaviour between free-living single-celled organisms are widely debated, we narrow our scope to a single mechanism that could possibly have set-off multi-species associations. We hypothesize that the very first step in the evolution of such cooperative behaviour could be a single mutation in an ancestral symbiont genome that results in the formation of an ecto-commensalism with its obligate ancestral host. We investigate the ecological and evolutionary stability of inter-species microbial interactions with vertical transmissions as an association based on syntrophy (cross-feeding). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a commensalistic model based on the syntrophy hypothesis is considered in the framework of coevolutionary dynamics and invadability by mutant phenotype into a monomorphic resident system.

evolutionary biology↗

bioRxiv2022

Subsistence of sib altruism in different mating systems and Haldane arithmetic

The moral rule "Risk your life to save your family members" is, at the same time, a biological phenomenon. The prominent population geneticist, J.B.S. Haldane told his friends that he would risk his life to save two drowning brothers, but not one - so the story goes. In biological terms, Haldanes arithmetic claims that sib altruism is evolutionarily rational, whenever by "self-sacrifice" an altruistic gene "rescues", on average, more than one copy of itself in its lineage. Here, we derive conditions for evolutionary stability of sib altruism, using population genetic models for three mating systems (monogamy, promiscuity and polygyny) with linear and non-linear group effect on the siblings survival rate. We show that for all considered selection situations, the condition of evolutionary stability is equivalent to Haldanes arithmetic. The condition for evolutionary stability is formulated in terms of genetic relatedness and the group effect on the survival probability, similarly to the classical Hamiltons rule. We can set up a "scale of mating systems", since in pairwise interactions the chance of evolutionary stability of sib altruism decreases in this order: monogamy, polygyny and promiscuity. Practice of marrying and siblings solidarity are moral rules in a secular world and in various religious traditions. These moral rules are not evolutionarily independent, in the sense that the subsistence of sib altruism is more likely in a monogamous population. HighlightsO_LIHaldanes arithmetic is introduced C_LIO_LIConditions for evolutionary stability of sib altruism are given C_LIO_LIEvolutionary stability is equivalent to Haldanes arithmetic in the studied model C_LIO_LIGeneralized Hamiltons rules are formulated C_LI

evolutionary biology↗

bioRxiv2017

Juvenile honest food solicitation and parental investment as a life history strategy: a kin demographic selection model

Parent-offspring communication remains an unresolved challenge for biologist. The difficulty of the challenge comes from the fact that it is a multifaceted problem with connections to life-history evolution, parent-offspring conflict, kin selection and signalling. Previous efforts mainly focused on modelling resource allocation at the expense of the dynamic interaction during a reproductive season. Here we present a two-stage model of begging where the first stage models the interaction between nestlings and parents within a nest and the second stage models the life-history trade-offs. We show in an asexual population that honest begging results in decreased variance of collected food between siblings, which leads to mean number of surviving offspring. Thus, honest begging can be seen as a special bet-hedging against informational uncertainty, which not just decreases the variance of fitness but also increases the arithmetic mean.\n\nAuthor SummaryParent-offspring communication is a fascinating problem that captures the attention of scientist and layman alike. Parent-offspring interaction is the first interaction with non-self in the life of most young birds and mammals. The future life success of such young animals crucially depends on how successful they are in interacting and communicating with their parents. This communication has different functions: it is important for the offspring to solicit food from the parent and it is important for the parent to be informed about the state (hunger level) of the offspring. There is an optimization problem on top of this level: the parent has to decide what part of the available resources should be allocated to the offspring and what part should she keep for herself. Here we show in a probabilistic model that the honest phenotype -where offspring beg only if they are hungry-has a greater growth rate than a selfish type - which begs regardless of its hunger level. This result holds in asexual populations; here honesty serves as a reduction uncertainty for the parents. The improved decision making of the parents -in turn-increases the survival of the offspring as well.

evolutionary biology↗