Bioelectronic Modulation of Glioblastoma via Wireless Carbon Nanotube Porin Interfaces
The membrane potential (Vmem) and faradaic charge transfer, resulting from altered charge distribution due to ion channels, play a crucial role in cellular bioelectricity. Disruption of Vmem can activate pathways associated with cancer proliferation. Manipulating ion channels may therefore present an effective strategy for treating cancers that fail to respond to conventional therapies. One approach to target these channels, is to manipulate the membrane charge which involves the use of wireless bipolar electrodes such as carbon nanotube porins (CNTPs), which could be inserted into cell membranes to mimic these channels. By utilizing membrane dyes, we observed alterations in Vmem induced by CNTPs and externally applied electric fields. Analyses of cellular behaviors and processes indicated that Vmem is more receptive to stimuli in invasive cancers, while it leads to increased metabolism in less invasive cancers, with notable changes in the cell cycle occurring at approximately 48 hours post-treatment in GBM cell lines. This work shows that CNTPs and electric fields can be used to modulate Vmem and alter cancer cell processes, supporting their potential therapeutic capability.