Biology subjects

Colloms, S. D.

Publications and source records attributed to Colloms, S. D..

2 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2025

Structural basis of DNA recombination catalysis and regulation by phiC31 integrase

Large serine integrases catalyse the integration and excision of bacteriophage (phage) DNA genomes into and from the genomes of their bacterial hosts by site-specific recombination1. These recombination reactions are notable for their unidirectionality: integrase recognises and efficiently recombines short (40-50-bp) sequences in the phage (attP) and bacterial (attB) genomes, but is inactive on the product sites attL and attR flanking the inserted prophage, ensuring stable integration. The reverse reaction (excision) only occurs in the presence of a second phage-encoded protein, the Recombination Directionality Factor (RDF). Their strict recombination directionality has made serine integrases versatile tools in emerging genome-editing technologies2-5; however, the structural basis of directionality remains. Here we report structures of {phi}C31 integrase, the most-studied and most widely used member of the serine integrase family, in complexes with its DNA recombination sites, with and without its RDF. These structures correspond to four key mechanism steps: integration of the phage DNA genome (attP x attB); excision of the integrated prophage DNA, mediated by integrase and RDF (attL x attR); inhibition of integrase-catalysed excision in the absence of RDF (attL dimer complex); and inhibition of integrase-catalysed integration in the presence of RDF (attB dimer complex). Our data provide a mechanistic understanding of how the serine integrase recombination system establishes and regulates phage lysogeny, and lay the foundation for future development of integrase-based genome-editing technologies.

biochemistry↗

bioRxiv2024

Under or Over? Tracing Complex DNA Topologies with High-Resolution Atomic Force Microscopy

The topology of DNA plays a crucial role in the regulation of cellular processes and genome stability. Despite its significance, DNA topology remains challenging to determine due to the length and conformational complexity of individual topologically constrained DNA molecules. We demonstrate unparalleled resolution of complex DNA topologies using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) in aqueous conditions. We present a new high-throughput automated pipeline to determine DNA topology from raw AFM images, using deep-learning methods to trace the backbone of individual DNA molecules and identify crossing points. Our pipeline efficiently determines which segment passes over which, including the handling of challenging crossings, where the path of each molecule may be harder to resolve. We demonstrate the wider applicability of our tracing method by determining the structure of stalled replication intermediates from Xenopus egg extracts, including theta structures and late replication products. By developing new methodologies to accurately trace the DNA path through every crossing, we determine the topology of plasmids, knots and catenanes from the E. coli Xer recombination system. In doing so we uncover a recurrent depositional effect and reveal its origins using coarse-grained simulations. Our approach is broadly applicable to a range of nucleic acid structures, including those which interact with proteins, and opens avenues for understanding fundamental biological processes which are regulated by or affect DNA topology.

biophysics↗