Biology subjects

Chen, Y.

Publications and source records attributed to Chen, Y..

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources

bioRxiv2026

Mitochondrial uracil DNA glycosylase contributes to nuclear base excision repair

The universally conserved enzyme uracil-DNA N-glycosylase (UNG) plays a central role in maintaining genome stability. It functions as the initiating factor in uracil base excision repair (UBER) by catalyzing the removal of uracil lesions in genomic DNA, a necessary first step in restoring genome integrity after hydrolytic deamination of cytosine to uracil or misincorporation of deoxy-uridine monophosphate during replication. Although methods have been developed to study UBER in vitro and in cellulo, none provide a quantitative readout of UNG activity on the chromosomal DNA of living cells. To address this gap, we created an UNG biosensor (U-report) that utilizes a modified cytosine base editor to generate a targeted genomic uracil lesion in a fluorescent reporter for C-to-U editing activity. UNG activity ablation through uracil DNA glycosylase inhibition (Ugi) or UNG-knockout results in elevated reporter fluorescence. Isoform-specific knockouts show that mitochondrial UNG1 also contributes to UBER of nuclear DNA. Our studies establish a real-time biosensor for quantification of chromosomal DNA uracil excision activity in living cells and, in support of prior studies, indicate that both UNG isoforms should be addressed in small molecule inhibitor development programs. Graphical abstract O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=78 SRC="FIGDIR/small/721890v2_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1"> View larger version (17K): org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@8e6566org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@a33b03org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@774663org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@ae1814_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG C_FIG

cell biology↗

bioRxiv2026

Aging Impairs Temporal Integration in Supragranular but Not Thalamorecipient Layers of Primary Auditory Cortex

Speech has harmonic features and speech perception is impaired in aging. Imaging of auditory cortex (A1) in aged mice shows reduced selectivity to harmonic sounds and impaired temporal integration of component frequencies especially in layers 2/3 but not layer 4, suggesting that age-related changes in intracortical processing contribute to the hearing deficits. Since complex sounds can be decoded from aging A1, paradigms enhancing cortical processing might improve hearing in aging.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2026

Reconstructing True 3D Spatial Omics at Single-Cell Resolution

Capturing the three-dimensional (3D) organization of cells is essential for deciphering complex biological processes, yet comprehensive 3D spatial omics is severely hindered by the destructive nature of physical sectioning and the depth limitations of intact tissue imaging. Current computational methods rely on 2.5D stacking of discrete slices, which inherently disrupts tissue topology and fails to resolve continuous depth-dependent molecular gradients. To bridge this gap, we introduce DO_SCPLOWEEPC_SCPLOWSO_SCPLOWPATIALC_SCPLOW, an Optimal Transport flow matching framework that models tissue evolution as a continuous dynamic vector field. By solving the underlying probability flow ODEs, DO_SCPLOWEEPC_SCPLOWSO_SCPLOWPATIALC_SCPLOW enables the direct extraction of uninterrupted, infinitely resolvable tissue states at arbitrary spatial depths. Using Deep STAR/RIBOmap 3D technologies, we demonstrate that DO_SCPLOWEEPC_SCPLOWSO_SCPLOWPATIALC_SCPLOW achieves improved 3D reconstruction fidelity relative to 2.5D approaches, yielding structures that more closely recapitulate native tissue microenvironments in real-world datasets. Across diverse spatial omics modalities, including spatial proteomics using imaging mass cytometry in human breast cancer and spatial transcriptomics using openST in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma metastatic lymph nodes, DO_SCPLOWEEPC_SCPLOWSO_SCPLOWPATIALC_SCPLOW produces biologically interpretable and high-fidelity reconstructions across datasets. We evaluated the scalability and robustness of DO_SCPLOWEEPC_SCPLOWSO_SCPLOWPATIALC_SCPLOW on a large-scale mouse brain dataset, reconstructing a continuous 3D cellular atlas comprising 39 million cells within 41.6 hours. Systematic downstream characterization validated its ability to recapitulate consistent spatial architectures, cell-type distributions, transcriptomic patterns, and microenvironmental structures across brain regions. Collectively, these results demonstrate DO_SCPLOWEEPC_SCPLOWSO_SCPLOWPATIALC_SCPLOW as a generalizable and efficient solution for true 3D spatial reconstruction across scales and modalities. O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=117 SRC="FIGDIR/small/721395v2_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1"> View larger version (49K): org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1a19624org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@188361forg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@199321corg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@a8f411_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG C_FIG

bioinformatics↗

bioRxiv2026

SpatialBench: Comparative cross-platform benchmarking of high-resolution spatial transcriptomics using matched mouse lymphoid tissue

Spatial transcriptomics (ST) has rapidly expanded with the introduction of multiple high-resolution platforms, yet cross-platform benchmarking remains limited and largely focused on technical performance. Here we present SpatialBench, a matched multi-platform resource comprising Visium HD, Xenium and MERSCOPE data together with single-cell and single-nucleus references from a malaria-challenged wild-type and B cell-specific Tbx21 knockout mouse spleen model. In this system, loss of T-bet in B cells disrupts germinal center (GC) polarization and antibody maturation, providing a biologically grounded benchmark for technology comparison. We leveraged this system to systematically evaluate ST platform performance using technical and biological readouts. Across platforms, immune organization and Tbx21-associated programs were consistently recovered, indicating robustness of major biological signals. Platforms instead differed in the level of biological resolution accessible. Visium HD enabled transcriptome-scale GC characterization and, together with Xenium, resolved dark and light zone organization, whereas GC zonation was not resolved in MERSCOPE, consistent with differences in transcript detection sensitivity. SpatialBench provides a biologically defined reference dataset for evaluation of ST technologies, method development, computational benchmarking, and studies of GC spatial organization in lymphoid tissue.

bioinformatics↗

bioRxiv2026

From Generalist to Specialist: Evolution of PS2 α-integrins and Implications for Drug Targeting

Integrins are heterodimeric transmembrane receptors that mediate cell-cell and cell- extracellular matrix interactions and play essential roles in development and disease. Within the PS2 -integrin subfamily, four paralogs (IIb, 5, 8, and V) share a conserved RGD-binding motif yet exhibit diverse functional specializations. Integrins have been widely targeted therapeutically for various clinical conditions, though achieving subtype specificity remains a major challenge. Here, we performed an integrative evolutionary analysis of 114 PS2 -integrin sequences across 28 vertebrate species, combining phylogenetic reconstruction, time calibration, ancestral sequence inference, and structural mapping. Our time-calibrated phylogeny indicates that the PS2 lineage originated [~]862 Mya, with diversification of the four paralogs occurring prior to vertebrate radiation. Ancestral state reconstruction reveals that fibronectin and vitronectin binding are ancestral traits, whereas fibrinogen binding and {beta}3 pairing arose independently in the IIb and V lineage. Evolutionary rate analysis shows domain-specific divergence, with the {beta}-propeller acting as a hotspot of evolutionary change, likely driven by combined pressures from ligand binding and {beta}-subunit interaction. These pressures vary across paralogs: IIb exhibits accelerated evolution in ligand-binding regions, while V displays elevated rates in {beta}-subunit interaction domains. Mapping sequence variation onto structural interfaces identifies lineage-specific substitutions underlying functional divergence, including distinct molecular solutions for fibrinogen binding in IIb and V. These findings collectively demonstrate that PS2 -integrins evolved from a generalist ancestor through neofunctionalization and lineage-specific specialization. This work provides an evolutionary framework for identifying subtype-specific functional sites and highlights the potential of evolution-informed strategies to guide the development of more selective integrin-targeting therapeutics.

bioinformatics↗

bioRxiv2026

Resolving human neuronal herpesvirus reactivation via petabase-scale association studies

Mounting evidence implicates herpesvirus reactivation in the etiology of Alzheimers disease, yet we lack a refined molecular characterization of pathogenesis in neurodegeneration. Here, we mine over 10 petabytes of human sequencing data for viral transcripts, identifying recurrent herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) reactivation in healthy but not pathological post-mortem human brain tissue. Integrative single-nucleus analyses resolve direct evidence of HSV-1 expression in RORB+ glutamatergic neurons, implicating viral reactivation in a neuronal population progressively lost during dementia.

genomics↗

bioRxiv2026

A High-Fidelity 3D Fluid-Structure Interaction Framework for Predictive Microfluidic Design

The commercial maturation of microfluidics remains bottlenecked by empirical prototyping and an absence of predictive digital design capabilities. Because optimizing advanced technologies such as passive particle separation fundamentally hinges on the precise coupling of fluid dynamics and particle mechanics, conventional two-dimensional or decoupled fluid simulations inherently fail to capture authentic multiscale behaviors. To bridge this gap, we establish a high-fidelity three-dimensional fluid-structure interaction framework combining a high-order Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian mapping-based finite element method with a localized hierarchical dynamic mesh strategy. Engineered to accurately resolve complex multiscale hydrodynamics, this architecture utilizes deterministic lateral displacement structures as a stringent test case. Validated against experimental data for rigid microspheres and tumor cells, the framework predicts transport trajectories and critical separation diameters with sub-micron precision. Crucially, the simulation explicitly resolves the M-shaped spatial fluctuation of local size thresholds alongside the dynamic vertical migration of particles. Unveiling these hidden physical mechanisms provides a deterministic explanation for highly debated phenomena such as mixed-mode transport. By enabling the rigorous in silico evaluation of complex non-periodic architectures, this framework serves as a powerful instrument for predictive structural optimization. Such capabilities establish the essential infrastructure for microfluidic digital design, accelerating the transition from empirical trial-and-error to precision simulation-driven engineering.

bioengineering↗

bioRxiv2026

Modular organization and selective motifs in the insula provide structural priors for efficient learning

The insular cortex (IC) integrates diverse sensory and interoceptive signals to support emotional and cognitive functions, exhibiting topologically functional distinctions. Although long-range pathways of the IC have been extensively mapped, the contribution of intra-IC architecture to network-level information processing remains poorly understood. Here we reconstructed single-cell projectomes of 2,267 IC neurons, generating a comprehensive cellular-resolution map of intra-IC connectivity. Graph-theoretic analyses revealed a hierarchical, topographically organized modular network with a hub-and-spoke organization and selective motif enrichment. Embedding these anatomical priors into recurrent neural network models demonstrated that intrinsic IC topology confers a distinct computational advantage: across multiple cognitive tasks, IC-initialized networks learned faster and exhibited better robustness to perturbations than those initialized with shuffled, randomized, or neighboring somatosensory cortical architectures. Together, these findings identify the IC as a structurally specialized cortical hub whose internal wiring supports efficient learning and provides design principles for brain-inspired networks.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2026

Prolonged cold exposure enhances regeneration potential in Arabidopsis

Prolonged cold exposure over winter impacts plant growth and development but its role beyond flowering regulation remains underexplored. In this study, we show that extended cold enhances regenerative capacity, promoting both callus formation and shoot regeneration in Arabidopsis. This enhancement is mediated by the cold-induced AP2/ERF transcription factors C-REPEAT/DRE-BINDING FACTOR 1 (CBF1), CBF2 and CBF3 which interact with the histone acetyltransferase HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASE OF THE GNAT FAMILY 1 (HAG1). The CBFs recruit HAG1 to the loci of key regeneration regulators, such as WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX 5 (WOX5), to promote their expression via histone acetylation. Our findings thus uncover an epigenetic mechanism by which prolonged cold primes plants for enhanced regeneration, highlighting how environmental cues influence developmental plasticity in plants.

plant biology↗

bioRxiv2026

A High-Throughput Platform for Rapidly Adapting DNA Aptamers to SARS-CoV-2 Evolution

Rapid pathogen evolution threatens public health by eroding the effectiveness of vaccines, therapeutics, and diagnostic tools. Although spike protein targeting monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were developed within 10-12 months of the initial outbreak to serve as key theranostic agents, their redesign has struggled to keep pace with viral evolution, rendering many neutralizing antibodies ineffective. Here we demonstrate a novel platform that combines a random-rational hybrid library diversification with high-throughput MiSeq screening to rapidly reprogram aptamers against emerging SARS-CoV-2 spike variants. Interactions between 3 different spike proteins and 11,806 unique aptamer variant designs were profiled within a few days. Starting from a 40-nt aptamer originally selected against wild-type (WT) spike protein, our screen identified a Delta-binding mutant with a 4-fold affinity improvement and an Omicron-binding mutant that converted undetectable binding into nanomolar affinity. We also identified a WT-selective mutant with substantially reduced affinity for Delta, as well as previously unrecognized bases that critically contribute to spike recognition. Integrating high-throughput binding data with molecular dynamics simulations further revealed sequence-dependent structural features underlying variant-specific aptamer-spike interactions. Finally, we developed a sensor based on the identified WT-selective aptamer mutant, enabling highly specific detection of the WT spike protein with robust performance. Together, this work establishes a rapid and adaptable aptamer engineering platform for rapid adaptation of aptamers to evolving pathogens in future pandemics.

bioengineering↗

bioRxiv2026

A sequence-based proactive intelligence for influenza antigenic profiling improves vaccine strain selection

Seasonal influenza viruses accumulate antigenic changes, eroding population immunity and necessitating recurrent vaccine updates. Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assays are the standard for measuring antigenic relationships between circulating and vaccine strains; however, their limited throughput constrains the scale and timeliness of surveillance. Here, we present fluProfiler, a foundation-model-based framework that learns a stable mapping from viral sequences to antigenic space and uses this representation to support influenza antigenic prediction, vaccine strain evaluation, and diversity-driven sampling. fluAgPredictor aligns hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) sequence representations with HI-derived antigenicity, enabling accurate and consistent inference of pairwise antigenic distances across surveillance-aligned evaluation settings. Without prior annotation of antigenic sites, it identifies key residues in immunodominant epitopes and reveals the cooperative contributions of HA and NA to antigenic variation. Building on this antigenic-space representation, fluVacSelector provides antigenic coverage scores that are concordant with World Health Organization (WHO) vaccine recommendations while also flagging potential candidates that may offer broader coverage ahead of formal consultations. fluAgEnhancer further leverages the same representation to prioritize antigenically informative and diverse strains for experimental characterization, achieving comparable predictive accuracy with approximately 25% fewer HI measurements than random sampling. Together, these modules provide a high-throughput and interpretable complement to HI testing, converting routine genomic surveillance into a more proactive, data-driven support system for antigenic monitoring and vaccine strain selection.

bioinformatics↗

bioRxiv2026

Sharp and Fast Dynamic Extraction and Tracking of Emitted Cellular Transients

Genetically encoded fluorescent sensors have expanded our ability to image cellular activity and transmitter release. Yet, sparse and low-salience events remain difficult to resolve against complex and fluctuating fluorescence backgrounds. Here we introduce DETECT, Dynamic Extraction and Tracking of Emitted Cellular Transients, which combines adaptive background suppression, probabilistic classification and multi-object tracking to extract fluorescence events while preserving their identity. Across synthetic datasets, DETECT improved detection and segmentation accuracy and reduced computational cost relative to established event-based methods. We validated DETECT across confocal, two-photon and miniscope imaging, ex vivo and in vivo, using calcium indicators and monoamine sensors. Beyond its technical performance, DETECT extends event-based analysis to low-salience fluorescence signals while resolving events spanning broad ranges of amplitude, morphology and dynamics. By resolving spontaneous dopamine and noradrenaline signals as distinct, trackable release events, DETECT reveals the spatiotemporal organization of neuromodulatory activity and provides a broadly applicable approach to quantitative fluorescence analysis.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2026

The BraALA3 Homologs Mediate Propiconazole-Modulated Plant Growth in flowering Chinese cabbage

In agriculture, propiconazole (PCZ) controls excessive growth in flowering Chinese cabbage but poses dietary safety risks due to residue accumulation. Therefore, identifying novel PCZ targets and breeding PCZ-free cultivars is critical for the safe production of flowering Chinese cabbage. Here, we identified three P4-ATPase flippase homologs aminophospholipid ATPase 3 (BraALA3a/b/c) in flowering Chinese cabbage that function as sensitive targets for PCZ. These proteins exhibit high binding affinity for PCZ, which directly inhibits their ATPase activity. Overexpression of the BraALA3 homologs enhanced plant growth and increased sensitivity to PCZ, whereas knockdown led to dwarfism and reduced sensitivity. Based on these findings, we identified editable active sites via protoplast-based screening. Genetic transformation of one such site yielded BraALA3a/braala3aK200T mutant lines, which displayed a dwarf and compact architecture. These findings provide a precise molecular target for developing PCZ-free germplasm in flowering Chinese cabbage through gene editing.

plant biology↗

bioRxiv2026

Functional Genomics Reveals TNT Bioremediation Strategies in Pantoea sp. MT58 and Pseudomonas putida KT2440

2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) is a recalcitrant and pervasive environmental pollutant. Although different environmental microbes have demonstrated their ability to degrade or transform TNT, the underlying genetic basis and cellular machinery remain unclear. In this study, we investigated bacterial strategies in response to TNT exposure in Pantoea sp. MT58 and P. putida KT2440 using proteomics and random barcode transposon-site sequencing (RB-TnSeq). Pantoea sp. MT58 was found to utilize TNT as a sole nitrogen source, whereas P. putida KT2440 exhibited only stress tolerance without assimilation. Pantoea sp. MT58 encodes multiple putative nitroreductases that were upregulated, yet deletion of these genes did not affect growth on TNT, revealing pathway redundancy. Furthermore, fitness profiling provided no evidence for genes involved in the canonical Meisenheimer-complex pathway associated with nitrite release. Instead, the data are most consistent with a sequential nitro-group reduction route in which nitrogen is ultimately recovered as ammonium, with nitrogen routed through the GS-GOGAT pathway with purine and urea pools as the candidate buffering architecture for TNT mineralization. Conversely, P. putida KT2440 relied on Ttg/RND efflux pumps and toluene tolerance proteins for survival without nitrogen assimilation from TNT. This work distinguishes routes for productive nitrogen assimilation from those involved in nitroaromatic tolerance, expanding the mechanistic understanding of anthropogenic compound metabolism to inform future bioremediation efforts.

microbiology↗

bioRxiv2026

Mid-superior temporal sulcus encodes spatial context and behavioral state in freely moving macaques

Primate neuroscience has traditionally studied the brain under highly constrained conditions, limiting our understanding of neural function during real-world behavior. The mid-superior temporal sulcus (mSTS) is implicated in social perception, but its role during unconstrained behavior has not been tested. Here we performed wireless depth-electrode recordings from both banks of mSTS in macaques freely exploring a large three-dimensional arena, combined with 3D pose tracking and behavioral segmentation. Neural encoding models revealed mSTS firing rates were jointly modulated by spatial position, body kinematics, and geometric visual proxies, preferentially encoded in allocentric coordinates but with a shift toward body-centric encoding during vertical exploration. Neural populations carried decodable information about discrete behavioral syllables, with broad temporal generalization and neural similarity that tracked the sequential structure of behavior. Population manifold analysis revealed that the same behavior occupied different regions of population space at different spatial locations, and population dynamics showed structured organization around behavioral transitions. Together, these results suggest that mSTS populations carry joint information about spatial context and behavioral state during natural behavior.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2026

N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Ameliorate Post-infarction Cardiac Dysfunction Through Modulation Of Adiponectin-Ceramide Metabolism

BackgroundIt has been shown that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) of marine origin exert significant beneficial effects on myocardial infarction (MI); however, the underlying mechanisms remained unclear. Ceramides play a vital role in the regulation of energy metabolism, mitochondrial function, and apoptosis. Through the integration of clincial studies and animal experiments, this study aimed to determine whether n-3 PUFA improved myocardial function by modulating ceramide metabolism. MethodsIn a case-control study, 100 patients with AMI and 100 healthy pariticipants were enrolled to measure serum ceramide concentrations. Meanwhile, mice were randomly allocated into 4 groups and administrated to a 3-week intervention with n-3 PUFA in triglyceride and phospholipid forms. A mouse model of MI was then established, followed by an additional 4 weeks of continuous intervention. Subsequent comprehensive assessments of cardiac function were performed in the mice. Finally, the mice were euthanized to conduct targeted ceramide lipidomic analysis and other relevant assays. ResultsThe levels of serum C16:0-, C18:0-, C20:0-, C24:1-ceramides and total ceramides in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were significantly higher compared with the healthy controls. In the murine model of myocardial infarction, pathological analysis via TTC staining demonstrated that interventions with fish oil (triglyceride form) and krill oil (phospholipid form) both significantly reduced myocardial infarct size. Concomitant echocardiographic assessment confirmed that both treatments markedly elevated left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), with the magnitude of improvement being significantly superior to that of the model control group. Concurrently, compared with the model group, the concentrations of ceramides in cardiac tissue and serum were significantly lower in the groups with fish oil and krill oil intervention. Western blot analysis further confirmed that n-3 PUFA intervention upregulated adiponectin expression, reduced ceramide accumulation in myocardial tissue, and inhibited mitochondria-mediated cardiomyocyte apoptosis, thereby improving cardiac function and prognosis following myocardial infarction. ConclusionsThis work demonstrates that n-3 PUFA exert cardioprotective effects following MI mediated by adiponectin-ceramide axis. However, there is no significant difference regarding therapeutic efficacy of n-3 PUFA in triglyceride or phospholipid forms.

pharmacology and toxicology↗

bioRxiv2026

Regression-based Modeling of Spearman's Rho for Longitudinal Metabolomics and Mental Wellness in Breast Cancer Patients

SO_SCPLOWUMMARYC_SCPLOWChemotherapy in breast cancer (BC) can substantially affect mental wellness. Advances in metabolomics enable comprehensive profiling of metabolic changes over time during and after treatment, offering insights into biological mechanisms linking chemotherapy to mental health outcomes. To study the association between metabolite profiles and mental wellness, correlation-based analyses are particularly useful. Spearmans rho is a widely used correlation measure and popular alternative to Pearsons correlation, since it also applies to non-linear association between variables. However, existing methods are not designed for longitudinal data and do not allow for covariate adjustments. In this paper, we propose a novel regression-based framework grounded in a class of semiparametric models, the functional response models, to extend this popular correlation measure to longitudinal settings with missing data under the missing at random assumption. This framework facilitates inferences about temporal changes in correlations over time and association of explanatory variables for such changes. We use simulation studies to evaluate performance of the approach with moderate sample sizes. We apply the approach to a one-year longitudinal substudy of the EPIGEN study to examine the longitudinal association between metabolite profiles and mental wellness in BC patients undergoing chemotherapy. The identified metabolites may serve as candidates for future in-depth bioinformatics analyses and translational investigations.

cancer biology↗

bioRxiv2026

U-Probe: universal agentic probe design for imaging-based spatial-omics

Probe design for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) underpins spatial transcriptomics, three-dimensional genome studies, and clinical diagnostics, yet remains constrained by two challenges: dependence on expert knowledge for parameter selection and quality evaluation, and the inability of existing tools to accommodate the diverse probe architectures introduced by rapidly emerging methods. Here we present U-Probe, a universal and agentic probe design platform. U-Probe employs a declarative configuration system with a directed acyclic graph (DAG)-based assembly engine that supports arbitrary probe structures from established protocols such as MERFISH, seqFISH, and MiP-seq to entirely novel architectures without code modifications. Integrated LLM-based AI agents enable conversational design workflows, allowing users to specify experimental goals in natural language and receive synthesis-ready probe sequences. We validated U-Probe in three scenarios: agent-driven MiP-seq panel design for influenza-infected mouse lung tissue, genome-tiling DNA-FISH for herpesvirus detection, and a novel RCA-based ligation probe for single-nucleotide mutation discrimination. U-Probe is available as an open-source tool with CLI, Web, and agent interfaces.

bioinformatics↗