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Biology subjects

Checker, R.

Publications and source records attributed to Checker, R..

2 recordsLinked to original sources

TAp73 mediates anti-tumor immunity through regulation of lipid metabolism in the lung tumor microenvironment

While immunotherapy has become the standard of care for lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients without actionable genomic alterations, only a subset of patients benefits from a long-lasting response to immunotherapy. Activation of p53-related signals has emerged as a potential mediator of the lung tumor microenvironment (TME). Given that mutant-p53 interacts with p73 extensively and TAp73-deficient mice develop LUAD, we engineered a mouse model with conditional deletion of TAp73 to understand the interactions of the p53 family in the TME and in metabolic pathways that impact anti-tumor immunity. We demonstrated that TAp73 exerts a tumor-suppressive role in KrasG12D-driven LUAD by regulating lipid metabolism in the TME. We identified a TAp73-driven transcriptional signature involving genes in the arachidonic acid metabolism pathway operational in tumor-associated macrophages that favors T-cell activation and thus anti-tumor immunity. Similar transcriptional changes are seen in macrophages from LUAD patients with p53 mutations and in association with response to immunotherapy. SIGNIFICANCEThere is a need to understand how the LUAD TME impacts patient response to immunotherapy. We identified a transcriptional program enacted by TAp73 in tumor alveolar macrophages that supports T-cell activation. Transcriptional and metabolomic data from LUAD patients supports the relevance of this program in response to immune checkpoint inhibition.

cancer biology↗

Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase II β down regulation induces ER stress mediated ROS generation and increases radio-sensitivity in MCF-7.

Type II phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase has historically been associated with vesicular trafficking and growth factor receptor signaling. Recently, it was shown to influence apoptosis, cell adhesion, motility, and inflammatory reactions. Previous study from our group showed that down regulation of PtdIns 4-kinase II {beta} inhibits NF-{kappa}B translocation to the nucleus and induce apoptosis in cancer cell lines. Since, NF-{kappa}B regulates redox homeostasis and stress signaling, the role of PtdIns 4-kinase II {beta} in regulating these signaling cascades was investigated using human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7 cells). Knockdown of PtdIns 4-kinase II {beta} inhibited NF-{kappa}B nuclear translocation and down regulated Bcl-2 and AKT-3 mRNA levels. Silencing of PtdIns 4-kinase II {beta} increased ROS levels with a concomitant decrease in GSH: GSSG ratio, increased DNA damage and induced apoptosis. Inhibition of NADPH oxidase (NOX) activity restored redox homeostasis. Since NOX gets activated during ER stress and the resultant increase in ROS can induce apoptosis, we studied the role of PtdIns 4-kinase II {beta} shRNA in ER stress and observed an increase in ER stress markers, pERK, IRE-1, BiP and PDI and up regulation of GADD153. At cellular level, these cells showed ER deformity. ROS scavengers and ER chemical chaperone could rescue MCF-7 cells from PtdIns 4-kinase II {beta} shRNA induced apoptosis. These results indicate involvement of PtdIns4-kinase II {beta} in regulation of ER function. Interestingly, irradiation of MCF-7 cells increased PtdIns 4-kinase II {beta} mRNA levels and knock-down of PtdIns 4-kinase II {beta} increased radio-sensitivity of the cells indicating potential role of PtdIns 4-kinase II {beta} in cancer radio-resistance.

cell biology↗