Cary, S. J. | bioRxiv Science

bioRxiv2026

Genomics Analysis Illuminates Morphology, Ecology, Phenology and Distribution of Two Cryptic Atrytonopsis Skippers (Hesperiidae: Hesperiinae)

The Hesperiine genus Atrytonopsis Godman, 1900, occurs broadly across the American Southwest. Atrytonopsis margarita (Skinner, 1913) and Atrytonopsis python (W. H. Edwards, 1882) have look-alike appearances, concurrent flights, and geographic distributions which converge in New Mexico. Their similar wing markings and intertwined taxonomic history has made it challenging to fully understand the identity and occurrence of each. Burns (2015) revealed differences in genitalia, clarifying that they are distinct species. Genomic DNA analysis of more than 100 specimens now illuminates their genetic uniqueness, phylogenetic relationship, field identification challenges and details of their geographic distributions.

evolutionary biology↗

bioRxiv2025

Rediscovery and ecology of the Capulin Mountain Alberta arctic butterfly: informing data collection for rare endemics

Insect conservation in the southwestern United States is hindered by limited information on distribution, phenology, and habitat, especially for small-range endemics. The Capulin Mountain Alberta Arctic butterfly (Oeneis alberta capulinensis F.M. Brown, 1970), a New Mexico Species of Greatest Conservation Need, is restricted to the Raton Mesa Complex and threatened by isolation, low dispersal, and extirpation from its type locality. We surveyed historic and potential sites to document current distribution, refine flight phenology, investigate larval host plant use, and assess habitat condition. Our results confirm extant populations, identify the larval host plant (Festuca idahoensis Elmer), and describe habitat as montane grasslands with limited woody encroachment. A habitat suitability model predicted additional potentially occupied areas, highlighting under-explored habitat for future monitoring. This study provides the first comprehensive ecological assessment of O. a. capulinensis and establishes a framework for documenting poorly known endemic insects to guide future research and survey design.

ecology↗