Biology subjects

Carrillo-Baltodano, A.

Publications and source records attributed to Carrillo-Baltodano, A..

3 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2026

Evidence of autonomous neural specification for both brain and ventral nerve cord tissue in Annelida

Evolution of nervous systems is a long debated topic, and similar mechanisms of conditional neural specification linked to dorsal-ventral (D-V) axis formation across some taxa have been used to support homology. We tested for autonomous versus conditional neural specification in two distantly related annelids, Capitella teleta and Platynereis dumerilii, using blastomere isolations. Our results support previous work in C. teleta and further demonstrate that the autonomous specification of anterior neural tissue and for the first time in trunk neural tissue for both annelids. In C. teleta, we found evidence for conditional pro-neural and anti-neural signals for the VNC. Animal caps lacking vegetal macromeres at the 16-cell stage form a brain and a D-V axis but not a VNC while the addition of any single macromere rescues VNC fate. This suggests that animal micromeres other than 2d produce an anti-neural signal while a pro-neural signal is produced vegetally and that VNC specification is decoupled from D-V axis formation. Taken together, our study suggests possible conservation of autonomous specification of the brain and VNC within Annelida, raising interesting questions of how mechanisms controlling neural specification evolved in Spiralia.

developmental biology↗

bioRxiv2022

Annelid functional genomics reveal the origins of bilaterian life cycles

Indirect development with an intermediate larva exists in all major animal lineages1, making larvae central to most scenarios of animal evolution2-12. Yet how larvae evolved remains disputed. Here we show that temporal shifts (i.e., heterochronies) in trunk formation underpin the diversification of larvae and bilaterian life cycles. Combining chromosome-scale genome sequencing in the slow-evolving annelid Owenia fusiformis13 with transcriptomic and epigenomic profiling during the life cycles of this and two other annelids, we found that trunk development is deferred to pre-metamorphic stages in the feeding larva of O. fusiformis, but starts after gastrulation in the non-feeding larva with gradual metamorphosis of Capitella teleta and the direct developing embryo of Dimorphilus gyrociliatus. Accordingly, the embryos of O. fusiformis develop first into an enlarged anterior domain that forms larval tissues and the adult head. Notably, this also occurs in the so-called "head larvae" of other bilaterians14,15, with whom O. fusiformis larva shows extensive transcriptomic similarities. Together, our findings suggest that the temporal decoupling of head and trunk formation, as maximally observed in "head larvae", allowed larval evolution in Bilateria, thus diverging from prevailing scenarios that propose either co-option10,11 or innovation12 of gene regulatory programmes to explain larva and adult origins.

genomics↗

bioRxiv2020

Conservative route to extreme genome compaction in a miniature annelid

The causes and consequences of genome reduction in animals are unclear, because our understanding of this process mostly relies on lineages with often exceptionally high rates of evolution. Here, we decode the compact 73.8 Mb genome of Dimorphilus gyrociliatus, a meiobenthic segmented worm. The D. gyrociliatus genome retains traits classically associated with larger and slower-evolving genomes, such as an ordered, intact Hox cluster, a generally conserved developmental toolkit, and traces of ancestral bilaterian linkage. Unlike some other animals with small genomes, the analysis of the D. gyrociliatus epigenome revealed canonical features of genome regulation, excluding the presence of operons and trans-splicing. Instead, the gene dense D. gyrociliatus genome presents a divergent Myc pathway, a key physiological regulator of growth, proliferation, and genome stability in animals. Altogether, our results uncover a conservative route to genome compaction in annelids, reminiscent of that observed in the vertebrate Takifugu rubripes.

genomics↗