Biology subjects

Carrillo, C.

Publications and source records attributed to Carrillo, C..

4 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2024

Limit of detection of Salmonella ser. Enteritidis using culture-based versus culture-independent diagnostic approaches

In order to prevent the spread of foodborne illnesses, the presence of pathogens in the food chain is monitored by government agencies and food producers. The culture-based methods currently employed are sensitive but time-and labour-intensive, leading to increasing interest in exploring culture-independent diagnostic tests (CIDTs) for pathogen detection. However, sensitivity and reliability of these CIDTs relative to current approaches has not been well established. To address this issue, we conducted a comparison of the limit of detection (LOD50) for Salmonella between a culture-based method and three CIDT methods: qPCR (targeting invA and stn), metabarcode (16S) sequencing, and shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Samples of chicken feed and chicken caecal contents were spiked with Salmonella serovar Enteritidis and subjected to culture-and DNA-based detection methods. To explore the impact of non-selective enrichment on LOD50, all samples underwent both immediate DNA extraction and an overnight enrichment prior to gDNA extraction. In addition to this spike-in experiment, feed and caecal samples acquired from the field were tested with culturing, qPCR, and metabarcoding. In general, LOD50 was comparable between qPCR and shotgun sequencing methods. Overnight microbiological enrichment resulted in an improvement in LOD50 with up to a three log decrease, comparable to culture-based detection. However, Salmonella reads were detected in some unspiked feed samples, suggesting false-positive detection of Salmonella. Additionally, the LOD50 in feeds was three logs lower than in caecal contents, underscoring the impact of background microbiota on Salmonella detection using all methods. IMPORTANCEThe appeal of CIDTs is increased speed with lowered cost, as well as the potential to detect multiple pathogen species in a single analysis and to monitor other areas of concern such as antimicrobial resistance genes or virulence factors. Understanding the sensitivity of CIDTs relative to current approaches will help determine the feasibility of implementing these methods in pathogen surveillance programs.

microbiology↗

bioRxiv2023

An Optimized Pipeline for Detection of Salmonella Sequences in Shotgun Metagenomics Datasets

BackgroundCulture-independent diagnostic tests (CIDTs) are gaining popularity as tools for detecting pathogens in food. Shotgun sequencing holds substantial promise for food testing as it provides abundant information on microbial communities, but the challenge is in analyzing large and complex sequencing datasets with a high degree of both sensitivity and specificity. Falsely classifying sequencing reads as originating from pathogens can lead to unnecessary food recalls or production shutdowns, while low sensitivity resulting in false negatives could lead to preventable illness. ResultsWe have developed a bioinformatic pipeline for identifying Salmonella as a model pathogen in metagenomic datasets with very high sensitivity and specificity. We tested this pipeline on mock communities of closely related bacteria and with simulated Salmonella reads added to published metagenomic datasets. Salmonella-derived reads could be found at very low abundances (high sensitivity) without false positives (high specificity). Carefully considering software parameters and database choices is essential to avoiding false positive sample calls. With well-chosen parameters plus additional steps to confirm the taxonomic origin of reads, it is possible to detect pathogens with very high specificity and sensitivity.

bioinformatics↗

bioRxiv2023

Genetic characterization of extended-beta-lactamase (ESBL) plasmids captured from dairy manures

This study was to assess the gene diversity and characterize a large set of plasmids harboring extended {beta}-lactamase (ESBL) genes from raw and digested dairy manure. A total of eighty-four plasmids that were captured in this E. coli recipient were sequenced using Illumina MiSeq sequencing technology. Twenty-four plasmids of interest were subsequently sequenced using MinION technology in order that a hybrid assembly could be performed on short-and long-read sequences to circularize and complete these plasmids. The size of sequenced plasmids ranged between 40 and 260 kb with various incompatibility groups: IncC, IncI1, IncN, IncY, IncB/O/K/Z, IncX1, IncHI2, IncHI2A, IncFIB(K), IncFII. A variety of extended {beta}-lactamase genes were identified: blaCTXM -1, blaCTXM -14, blaCTXM -15, blaCTXM-27, blaCTXM-55, blaCTXM-61, blaPER-1, blaIMP-27. Interestingly, the blaIMP-27 gene, a novel metallo-{beta}-lactamase discovered in the last decade, was found located on an integrated region in the host chromosome. And one plasmid carrying the blaCMY-2 gene, an AmpC gene, also expressed ESBL phenotype. Four virulence factors, including cia, cib, traT and terC, were detected on some of these plasmids. In addition, six type-2 toxin-antitoxin systems were detected: MazF/E, PemK/I, HipA/B, YdcE/D, RelB/E and HigB/A. Twenty-two out of twenty-four complete plasmids carried putative prophage regions; and most of prophage hits were marked as incomplete, except that the largest plasmid pT525A and the IncY plasmid pT415A had prophage hits with higher scores. IMPORTANCEThe widespread of antibiotic resistant bacteria is largely due to the exchange of mobile genetic elements such as plasmids. Plasmids harboring extended {beta}-lactamase (ESBL) genes originated from dairy manure potentially become entrained in manured soil, which subsequently enter the human food chain. Currently there is a lack of detailed information on these plasmids in the environment, specifically in dairy manure. This study unveils the abundance and diversity of ESBL-carrying plasmids from both raw and digested manures which were captured in gfp-labelled E. coli CV601. In addition, the study provides insightful information of plasmid characteristics including incompatibility groups, ESBL genes combined with other resistance genes, mobile genetic elements (transposons, insertion sequence), toxin-antitoxin systems, virulence factors and prophage sequences.

microbiology↗

bioRxiv2019

Development of a multi-locus typing scheme for an Enterobacteriaceae linear plasmid that mediates inter-species transfer of flagella

Due to the public health importance of flagellar genes for typing, it is important to understand mechanisms that could alter their expression or presence. Phenotypic novelty in flagellar genes arise predominately through accumulation of mutations but horizontal transfer is known to occur. A linear plasmid termed pBSSB1 previously identified in Salmonella Typhi, was found to encode a flagellar operon that can mediate phase variation, which results in the rare z66 flagella phenotype. The identification and tracking of homologs of pBSSB1 is limited because it falls outside the normal replicon typing schemes for plasmids. Here we report the generation of nine new pBSSB1-family sequences using Illumina and Nanopore sequence data. Homologs of pBSSB1 were identified in 154 genomes representing 25 distinct serotypes from 67,758 Salmonella public genomes. Pangenome analysis of pBSSB1-family contigs was performed using Roary and we identified three core genes amenable to a minimal MLST scheme. Population structure analysis based on the newly developed MLST scheme identified three major lineages representing 35 sequence types, and the distribution of these sequence types was found to span multiple serovars across the globe. This MLST scheme has shown utility in tracking and subtyping pBSSB1-family plasmids and it has been incorporated into the plasmid MLST database under the name \"pBSSB1-family\".

genomics↗