Capa, M. | bioRxiv Science

bioRxiv2026

BiOS: An Open-Source Framework for the Integration of Heterogeneous Biodiversity Data

The era of Big Data has reshaped biodiversity research, yet the potential of this information is frequently constrained by data heterogeneity, incompatible schemas, and the fragmentation of resources. Whilst standards such as Darwin Core have improved interoperability, significant barriers persist in harmonising multi-typology datasets ranging from taxonomy and genetics to species distribution. Here, we present the Biodiversity Observatory System (BiOS), a comprehensive, open-source software stack designed to address these impediments through a modular, community-driven architecture. BiOS departs from monolithic database designs by decoupling the back-end data management from the front-end presentation layer. This architectural separation supports a dual-access model tailored to diverse stakeholder needs. For researchers and developers, the system offers a comprehensive Application Programming Interface (API) that exposes all back-end functionalities, enabling seamless programmatic access, automated data retrieval, and integration with external analytical workflows. Simultaneously, the platform features a user web interface designed to lower the technical barrier to entry. This interface facilitates intuitive data exploration through agile taxonomic navigation, advanced geospatial map viewers for species occurrence filtering, and dedicated dashboards for visualising genetic markers and legislative status. Strictly adhering to the FAIR principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable), BiOS acts as a relational engine capable of integrating heterogeneous data streams. By providing a flexible, interoperable core that supports the "seven shortfalls" framework of biodiversity knowledge, BiOS offers a turnkey solution to overcome data fragmentation and enhance collaborative conservation efforts.

bioinformatics↗

bioRxiv2025

biodumpy: A Comprehensive Biological Data Downloader

In recent years, the expansion of public biodiversity platforms and associated datasets has greatly improved access to ecological and biological information. These resources now cover vast geographic areas, extended temporal scales, and diverse taxonomic groups, becoming essential for ecological studies by enabling more comprehensive analyses and novel hypotheses testing. Concurrently, the development of programming packages has facilitated data access and interaction, streamlining their retrieval processes. However, most existing tools are limited to specific databases, posing challenges for studies requiring seamless integration of data from multiple sources. The growing availability of biodiversity data highlights the urgent need for robust tools to efficiently process, analyse, and interpret ecological and biological information. To address this limitation, we introduce biodumpy, a new Python package developed for the retrieval, management, and integration of biological data from various public databases. biodumpy provides access to up-to-date and comprehensive datasets spanning genetic, distributional, taxonomic, and bibliographic sources. It includes specialized modules for efficient data retrieval across taxonomic lists, with the capability to process multiple modules simultaneously. By integrating diverse data sources, biodumpy enhances data acquisition, providing researchers with a powerful framework for comprehensive analyses and supporting ecological research to tackle complex environmental challenges.

ecology↗