Biology subjects

Cafaro, G.

Publications and source records attributed to Cafaro, G..

3 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2026

Structural topology shapes regional roles in neuronal avalanche initiation and termination

Whole-brain dynamics unfold as fast, discrete, transient events known as, neuronal avalanches, whose propagation is constrained by the connectome, that is, the large-scale scaffolding of structural connections wiring the brain. However, the role of the connectome in determining the topographies of the start and end of these transient cascades remains unclear. Leveraging resting-state Magnetoencephalography (MEG) recordings and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) tractography across 42 healthy individuals, we examined whether the structural architecture of white matter tracts dictates the spatial origins and the end of cortical avalanches. We found that the probability of triggering and finishing an avalanche is strongly related to the structural nodal strength, showing a positive correlation that is highly robust to non-parametric spatial permutation testing and bootstrapping. This structure-function coupling is highly stable and robust across different activation thresholds, demonstrating that the choice of avalanche extraction threshold does not drive or alter our main findings. Collectively, our results suggest that structural properties determine a region's propensity to initiate and terminate neuronal avalanches.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2026

Temporal persistence and structural organization of neuronal avalanche dynamics

Brain activity can be understood as a sequence of neuronal avalanches, i.e., transient episodes of coordinated activation that emerge across scales, from individual neurons and local networks to whole-brain dynamics. Avalanches are typically characterized by features such as size, duration, number of active components, and the silent time separating consecutive events. Although these features have been extensively characterized through their marginal distributions, their temporal organization and dependence on the underlying brain architecture remain poorly understood, leaving us without a framework for embedding neuronal avalanches within slower brain dynamics. Here, we analyzed eyes-closed resting-state magnetoencephalography recordings and the corresponding structural connectomes from 30 healthy participants to investigate the dynamics of avalanche sizes and silent times. We found that large avalanches preferentially followed short silent times, whereas small avalanches were more likely to occur after long silent periods. Based on the empirical joint distributions of avalanche size and silent time, we could define four types of events occurring above chance levels (avalanche large or small, preceding pause long or short). Mixed categories, combining a small value of one feature with a large value of the other, occurred more frequently than expected, while same-category events happened less often than chance. Furthermore, consecutive events tended to remain in the same category, a phenomenon referred to as persistence. We next investigated whether a brain region's connectivity profile shapes its propensity to participate in avalanches of different sizes. More strongly connected regions participated most often in small avalanches, whereas weakly connected regions were preferentially recruited during large avalanches. This pattern may reflect the greater sensitivity of highly connected hubs to fluctuations propagating through the network, resulting in frequent but spatially contained events. By contrast, the recruitment of more peripheral regions may require broader and stronger collective activity, occurring only during rarer, large-scale avalanches. In contrast, regional participation showed no clear association with the silent time preceding an avalanche. Together, these findings show that neuronal avalanches are neither temporally independent nor anatomically unconstrained: their sequence retains a memory of preceding events, while structural topology shapes which regions are recruited as avalanches grow. By connecting avalanche dynamics with slower temporal organization and the structural connectome, our results provide a multiscale framework for understanding how transient events are embedded within ongoing brain activity.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2025

Degeneracy and bifurcation diversity at the single neuron level

Degeneracy--the capacity of structurally distinct systems to achieve similar functions--is a fundamental property of living organisms, enabling adaptability and resilience. Neurons can maintain stable activity patterns despite wide variability in ion channel expression, highlighting how distinct internal configurations can yield equivalent electrophysiological behaviors. However, it remains unclear how degeneracy manifests in the context of bifurcations, the critical transitions between activity regimes that underlie phenomena such as different firing patterns, seizures and depolarization block. Here, we investigate how different biophysical parameter sets can lead to equivalent bifurcation sequences. Using a minimal neuron model with three variable conductances, we systematically explore how changes in extracellular potassium--mimicking physiological and pathological conditions--affect neuronal dynamics. Our results reveal that neurons with distinct intrinsic properties can traverse the same bifurcation pathways, entering regimes of bursting, seizure-like activity, and depolarization block. Yet, the specific parameter set determines the sensitivity and thresholds for these transitions. This work clarifies how degeneracy extends to the dynamical landscape of neurons, with implications for understanding resilience and vulnerability in neural circuits. 1 Author SummaryBiophysical models expressed through differential equations can reproduce the dynamics of biological systems with varying levels of detail. By changing model parameters, simulations can capture the natural variability that allows biological systems to achieve the same behavior through different mechanisms. This property, called degeneracy, underlies the robustness of living systems to internal and external perturbations. In this work, we identify dis-tinct behaviors in single-neuron models and link them to electrophysiological patterns observed under elevated extracellular potassium during epileptic events. These patterns correspond to specific classes of spontaneous bursting activity within the framework of nonlinear dynamics. We show that different combinations of conductance parameters, at a fixed extracellular potassium level, can generate the same class of patterns, defining degeneracy groups. Finally, we assess the robustness of these groups by analyzing how they respond to changes in extracellular potassium. Our findings provide a basis for studying variability and resilience in the dynamics of more complex neuronal systems.

neuroscience↗