Biology subjects

Buus, T. B.

Publications and source records attributed to Buus, T. B..

3 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2023

Type 1 immunity enables neonatal thymic ILC1 production

Thymic atrophy occurs following type 1 inflammatory conditions like viral infection and sepsis, resulting in cell death and disruption of T-cell development. However, it remains undetermined whether the thymus actively contributes to the immune response. Thus, we cultured neonatal thymus ex vivo with the type 1 cytokines IL-12 plus IL-18, resulting in a rapid shift from steady-state T-cell development to the production, expansion, and thymic exit of CXCR6+CD62L- type 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1s). Single-cell RNA-sequencing and functional assays identified these cells as embryonic-wave-derived KLRG1+ ILC1s that mainly differentiated from immature neonatal thymic ILC1s. Confocal 3D imaging confirmed neonatal thymic ILC1 expansion during MCMV infection. Furthermore, thymic grafts revealed in vivo thymic ILC1 egress and type 1 inflammation-induced homing of thymus-derived KLRG1+ ILC1s to the liver and peritoneal cavity. Altogether, our data reveal a novel thymic function where type 1 immunity enables the production and peripheral homing of thymic-derived ILC1s. O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=185 SRC="FIGDIR/small/530451v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1"> View larger version (56K): org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@d768corg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1e20d77org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1e206bforg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@292108_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG C_FIG

immunology↗

bioRxiv2021

KEAP1 mutation in lung adenocarcinoma promotes immune evasion and immunotherapy resistance

Lung cancer treatment has benefited greatly from the development of effective immune-based therapies. However, these strategies still fail in a large subset of patients. Tumor-intrinsic mutations can drive immune evasion via recruiting immunosuppressive populations or suppressing anti-tumor immune responses. KEAP1 is one of the most frequently mutated genes in lung adenocarcinoma patients and is associated with poor prognosis and inferior response to all therapies, including checkpoint blockade. Here, we established a novel antigenic lung cancer model and showed that Keap1-mutant tumors promote dramatic remodeling of the tumor immune microenvironment. Combining single-cell technology and depletion studies, we demonstrate that Keap1-mutant tumors diminish dendritic cell and T cell responses driving immunotherapy resistance. Importantly, analysis of KEAP1 mutant patient tumors revealed analogous decrease in dendritic cell and T cell infiltration. Our study provides new insight into the role of KEAP1 mutations in promoting immune evasion and suggests a path to novel immune-based therapeutic strategies for KEAP1 mutant lung cancer. Statement of significanceThis study establishes that tumor-intrinsic KEAP1 mutations contribute to immune evasion through suppression of dendritic cell and T cell responses, explaining the observed resistance to immunotherapy of KEAP1 mutant tumors. These results highlight the importance of stratifying patients based on KEAP1 status and paves the way for novel therapeutic strategies.

cancer biology↗

bioRxiv2020

Improving oligo-conjugated antibody signal in multimodal single-cell analysis

Simultaneous measurement of surface proteins and gene expression within single cells using oligo-conjugated antibodies offers high resolution snapshots of complex cell populations. Signal from oligo-conjugated antibodies is quantified by high-throughput sequencing and is highly scalable and sensitive. In this study, we investigated the response of oligo-conjugated antibodies towards four variables: Concentration, staining volume, cell number at staining, and tissue. We find that staining with recommended antibody concentrations cause unnecessarily high background and that concentrations can be drastically reduced without loss of biological information. Reducing volume only affects antibodies targeting abundant epitopes used at low concentrations and is counteracted by reducing cell numbers. Adjusting concentrations increases signal, lowers background and reduces costs. Background signal can account for a major fraction of the total sequencing and is primarily derived from antibodies used at high concentrations. Together, this study provides new insight into the titration response and background of oligo-conjugated antibodies and offers concrete guidelines on how such panels can be improved. Impact statementOligo-conjugated antibodies are a powerful tool but require thorough optimization to reduce background signal, increase sensitivity, and reduce sequencing costs.

genomics↗