Biology subjects

Budde, H.

Publications and source records attributed to Budde, H..

4 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2024

The Effects of Acute Coordinative vs. Acute Endurance Exercise on the Cortisol Concentration

BackgroundPhysical exercise interventions can cause neuroendocrine activation, which in turn increases salivary cortisol concentrations. Until now there have been no studies comparing endurance and coordinative exercise. ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to examine the effects of these different interventions with an intraindividual comparison. Methods61 students between 18 and 30 years of age were included and first completed a coordinative exercise and one week later an endurance exercise of the same intensity and length which was self-set on the first day, with a maximum heart rate of 64 - 76% (HRmax) over a period of 15 min. To measure changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA-axis) activity, saliva samples were collected before (t1) and after exercise (t2 and t3). ResultsBaseline values of cortisol (t0) did not differ significantly between coordinative and endurance exercise, t(55) = .233, p = .816. Post hoc tests revealed that the cortisol values of the second coordinative vs. endurance time point, t(55) = 2.097, p = .040, d = .741, and third coordinative vs. endurance time point, t(55) = 3.004, p = .004, d = .735, differed significantly with large effect sizes. ConclusionThe results show for the first time that coordinative exercise produced a higher cortisol release than endurance exercise of the same intensity and duration. Interventions such as coordinative exercise require higher cognitive components resulting in stronger cortisol release than endurance exercise. Thus, the type of acute exercise is a psychophysiological factor in determining the neuroendocrine stress response. Key pointsCortisol is an important catabolic hormone when it comes to overtraining or burnout in an athlete. Our results show for the first time that acute coordinative exercise produces a higher cortisol release than endurance exercise of the same intensity and duration.

physiology↗

bioRxiv2024

The IFIH1-A946T risk variant promotes diabetes in a sex-dependent manner

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease in which pancreatic islet {beta}-cells are attacked by the immune system, resulting in insulin deficiency and hyperglycemia. One of the top non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) associated with T1D is in the interferon-induced helicase C domain-containing protein 1 (IFIH1), which encodes an anti-viral cytosolic RNA sensor. This SNP results in an alanine to threonine substitution at amino acid 946 (IFIH1A946T) and confers an increased risk for several autoimmune diseases, including T1D. We hypothesized that the IFIH1A946T risk variant, (IFIH1R) would promote T1D pathogenesis by stimulating type I interferon (IFN I) signaling leading to immune cell alterations. To test this, we developed Ifih1R knock-in mice on the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse background, a spontaneous T1D model. Our results revealed a modest increase in diabetes incidence and insulitis in Ifih1R compared to non-risk Ifih1 (Ifih1NR) mice and a significant acceleration of diabetes onset in Ifih1R females. Ifih1R mice exhibited a significantly enhanced interferon stimulated gene (ISG) signature compared to Ifih1NR, indicative of increased IFN I signaling. Ifih1R mice exhibited an increased frequency of plasma cells as well as tissue-dependent changes in the frequency and activation of CD8+ T cells. Our results indicate that IFIH1R may contribute to T1D pathogenesis by altering the frequency and activation of immune cells. These findings advance our knowledge on the connection between the rs1990760 variant and T1D. Further, these data are the first to demonstrate effects of Ifih1R in NOD mice, which will be important to consider for the development of therapeutics for T1D.

immunology↗

bioRxiv2023

Paleocene origin of a streamlined digestive symbiosis in leaf beetles

Timing the acquisition of a beneficial microbe relative to the evolutionary history of its host can shed light on the adaptive impact of a partnership. Here, we investigated the onset and molecular evolution of an obligate symbiosis between Cassidinae leaf beetles and Candidatus Stammera capleta, a {gamma}-proteobacterium. Residing extracellularly within foregut symbiotic organs, Stammera upgrades the digestive physiology of its host by supplementing plant cell wall-degrading enzymes. We observe that Stammera is a shared symbiont across tortoise and hispine beetles that collectively comprise the Cassidinae subfamily, despite differences in their folivorous habits. In contrast to its transcriptional profile during vertical transmission, Stammera elevates the expression of genes encoding digestive enzymes while in the foregut symbiotic organs, matching the nutritional requirements of its host. Symbiont acquisition during the Paleocene ([~]62 Mya) did not coincide with the origin of Cassidinae beetles, despite the widespread distribution of Stammera across the subfamily. Early-diverging lineages lack the symbiont and the specialized organs that house it. Reconstructing the ancestral state of host-beneficial factors revealed that Stammera encoded three digestive enzymes at the onset of symbiosis, including polygalacturonase - a pectinase that is universally shared. While non-symbiotic cassidines encode polygalacturonase endogenously, their repertoire of plant cell wall-degrading enzymes is more limited compared to symbiotic beetles supplemented with digestive enzymes from Stammera. Highlighting the potential impact of a symbiotic condition and an upgraded metabolic potential, Stammera-harboring beetles exploit a greater variety of plants and are more speciose compared to non-symbiotic members of the Cassidinae.

evolutionary biology↗

bioRxiv2023

Decrease in reaction time for volleyball athletes during saccadic eye movement task: An associative analysis with evoked potentials

AimThe current study investigated the differences to event-related potential and reaction time under two groups (athletes vs. non-athletes). Material and MethodsThe P300 was analyzed for Fz, Cz and Pz electrodes in thirty-one healthy volunteers divided into two groups (volleyball athletes and non-athletes). In addition, the participants performed a saccadic eye movement task to measure reaction time. ResultsThe EEG analysis showed that the athletes in comparison to the no-athletes has differences of the P300 in the frontal area (p=0.021). In relation to reaction time, the results show lower reaction time for athletes (p=0.001). ConclusionsThe volleyball athletes may present a greater allocation of attention during the execution of the inhibition task, since they have a lower reaction time for responses when compared to non-athletes.

neuroscience↗