Decoupling of global brain activity and cerebrospinal fluid flow in Parkinson's cognitive decline
BackgroundDeposition and spreading of misfolded proteins (-synuclein and tau) have been linked to Parkinsons cognitive dysfunction. The glymphatic system may play an important role in the clearance of these toxic proteins via cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow through perivascular and interstitial spaces. Recent studies discovered that sleep-dependent global brain activity is coupled to CSF flow that may reflect glymphatic function. ObjectiveTo determine if the decoupling of brain activity-CSF flow is linked to Parkinsons cognitive dysfunction. MethodsFunctional and structural MRI data, clinical motor (Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale), and cognitive (Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA) scores were collected from 60 Parkinsons and 58 control subjects. Parkinsons patients were subgrouped into those with (MoCA < 26; N = 29) and without (MoCA [≥] 26; N = 31) mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The coupling strength between the resting-state global blood-oxygen-level-dependent signal (gBOLD) and associated CSF flow was quantified, compared among groups, and associated with clinical and structural measurements. ResultsgBOLD-CSF coupling decreased significantly (p < 0.006) in Parkinsons patients showing MCI, compared to those without MCI and controls. Reduced gBOLD-CSF coupling was associated with decreased MoCA scores that was present in Parkinsons patients (p = 0.005) but not in controls (p = 0.65). Weaker gBOLD-CSF coupling in Parkinsons patients also was associated with a thinner right entorhinal cortex (Spearmans correlation = - 0.36; p = 0.012), an early structural change often seen in Alzheimers. ConclusionsThe decoupling between global brain activity and associated CSF flow is related to Parkinsons cognitive impairment.