Biology subjects

Broadway-Stringer, S.

Publications and source records attributed to Broadway-Stringer, S..

4 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2024

An ALPK3 truncation variant causing autosomal dominant hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is partially rescued by mavacamten

The ALPK3 gene encodes alpha-protein kinase 3, a cardiac pseudo-kinase of unknown function. Heterozygous truncating variants (ALPK3tv) can cause dominant adult-onset Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM). Here we confirm an excess of ALPK3tv in sarcomere-gene negative HCM patients. Moreover, we generated a novel knock-in mouse model carrying an ALPK3tv (K201X). Homozygous animals displayed hypertrophy and systolic dysfunction. Heterozygous animals demonstrated no obvious baseline; however, they had an aggravated hypertrophic response upon chronic adrenergic challenge. Isolated cardiomyocytes from heterozygous and homozygous mice showed reduced basal sarcomere length with prolonged relaxation, whilst calcium transients showed increased diastolic calcium levels and prolonged re-uptake. We also observed reduced fractional shortening. Protein kinase A-mediated phosphorylation, including that of cardiac troponin I, was significantly decreased. In agreement with the cellular HCM phenotype, reduced ratios of myosin heads in the super-relaxed state were measured. Contractile and calcium handling defects were partly corrected by treatment with mavacamten, a novel myosin inhibitor. For the first time with a non-sarcomere HCM variant, we have demonstrated hallmark changes in cardiac contractility and calcium handling, some resembling sarcomere-positive HCM, while others are distinct and DCM-like. Mavacamten is able to partially rescue the cellular phenotype, hence could be beneficial to HCM patients with ALPK3tv.

genetics↗

bioRxiv2024

Cardiac stress leads to regulation of Filamin C dimerisation via an ancient phosphorylation-modulated interaction with HSPB7

The biomechanical properties and responses of tissues underpin a variety of physiological functions and pathologies. In striated muscle, the actin-binding protein filamin C (FLNC) is a key protein whose variants causative for a wide range of cardiomyopathies and musculoskeletal pathologies. Seemingly a multi-functional protein that interacts with a variety of partners, how FLNC is regulated at the molecular level is not well understood. Here we have investigated its interaction with HSPB7, a cardiac-specific molecular chaperone whose absence is embryonically lethal. We found that FLNC and HSPB7 interact in cardiac tissue under biomechanical stress, forming a strong hetero-dimer whose structure we have solved by means of X-ray crystallography. Our quantitative analyses show that the hetero-dimer out-competes the FLNC homo-dimer interface, potentially acting to abrogate the ability of the protein to cross-link the actin cytoskeleton, and to enhance its diffusive mobility. We show that phosphorylation of FLNC at threonine 2677, located at the dimer interface and associated with cardiac stress, acts to favour the homo-dimer. Conversely, phosphorylation at tyrosine 2683, also at the dimer interface, has the opposite effect and shifts the equilibrium towards the hetero-dimer. Evolutionary analysis and ancestral sequence reconstruction reveals this interaction and its mechanisms of regulation to date around the time primitive hearts evolved in chordates. Our work rationalises on the molecular level how FLNC might switch between stabilising functions in the cell, and reveals how HSPB7 acts as a specific molecular chaperone that regulates FLNC.

molecular biology↗

bioRxiv2022

Male sex hormone and reduced plakoglobin jointly impair atrial conduction and cardiac sodium currents

Androgenic anabolic steroids (AAS) are commonly abused by young men. Male sex associates with earlier manifestation of common and rare cardiac conditions including atrial fibrillation and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC). Clinical data suggest an atrial involvement in ARVC. The disease is caused by desmosomal gene defects such as reduced plakoglobin expression. Analysis of clinical records from 146 ARVC patients identified male preponderance and increased prevalence of atrial arrhythmias in patients with definite ARVC. Definite patients displayed ECG changes suggesting atrial remodelling. To study mechanisms of atrial remodelling due to desmosomal vulnerability and AAS, young adult male mice, heterozygously deficient for plakoglobin (Plako+/-) and wildtype (WT) littermates, were chronically exposed to 5-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) or placebo. DHT increased atrial expression of pro-hypertrophic, fibrotic and inflammatory transcripts. DHT caused atrial conduction slowing, decreased peak sodium current density, reduced action potential amplitude and lowered the peak depolarisation rate in Plako+/- but not WT atria. Super-resolution microscopy revealed a reduction in Nav1.5 clustering in Plako+/- atrial cardiomyocytes following DHT exposure. These data reveal that AAS combined with plakoglobin deficiency cause pathological atrial electrical remodelling in young male hearts. AAS abuse may increase the risk of atrial myopathy in males with desmosomal gene variants.

molecular biology↗

bioRxiv2022

Increased early sodium current provokes familial atrial fibrillation and reduces effectiveness of sodium channel block

(1) AimsAtrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia. Pathogenic variants in genes encoding ion channels are associated with familial AF. The point mutation M1875T in the SCN5A gene, which encodes the -subunit of the cardiac sodium channel Nav1.5, has been associated with increased atrial excitability and familial AF. (2) MethodsWe designed a new murine model carrying the Scn5a-M1875T mutation enabling us to study the effects of the Nav1.5 mutation in detail in vivo and in vitro using patch clamp and microelectrode recording of atrial cardiomyocytes, optical mapping, ECG, echocardiography, gravimetry, histology and biochemistry. (3) ResultsAtrial cardiomyocytes from newly generated adult Scn5a-M1875T+/- mice showed a selective increase in the early (peak) cardiac sodium current, larger action potential amplitude and a faster peak upstroke velocity. Conduction slowing caused by the sodium channel blocker flecainide was less pronounced in Scn5a-M1875T+/- compared to wildtype atria. Overt hypertrophy or heart failure in Scn5a-M1875T+/- mice could be excluded. (4) ConclusionThe Scn5a-M1875T point mutation causes gain-of-function of the cardiac sodium channel. Our results suggest increased atrial peak sodium current as a potential trigger for increased atrial excitability and thus AF. Whats newO_LIThe point mutation M1875T in the C-terminal domain of the cardiac sodium channel Nav1.5 causes an increase in early peak sodium current in left atria. C_LIO_LIThe observed changes induced by this point mutation suggest an increase in peak sodium current as a cause of familial atrial fibrillation (AF). C_LIO_LIOur findings provide a possible explanation for the variable effectiveness of sodium channel blockers in patients with AF. Carriers of such sodium channel gain-of-function mutations may benefit more from tailored treatments. C_LI Graphical abstract O_FIG_DISPLAY_L [Figure 1] M_FIG_DISPLAY C_FIG_DISPLAY

molecular biology↗