Biology subjects

Breitwieser, G. E.

Publications and source records attributed to Breitwieser, G. E..

2 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2019

Calcium Sensing Receptor Common Variants Influence the Effects of Serum Calcium on Coronary Artery Disease Risks

RationaleThe calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) regulates serum calcium concentrations and common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a carboxyl terminal tri-locus haplotype block contribute to serum calcium variance in the general population. Altered serum calcium concentrations are associated with coronary artery disease (CAD), but direct role for CaSR in CAD remains to be determined.\n\nMethodsWe evaluated the associations of serum calcium and common CASR SNPs or the tri-locus haplotype block with major diseases including CAD in 51,289 patients from the DiscovEHR cohort derived from a single US health care system.\n\nResultsSerum calcium concentrations were positively associated with the risk of CAD, and this risk was modified by common CASR SNPs. The Ala986Ser SNP was positively associated with hypercalcemia. Carriers of Ala986Ser had a significantly increased CAD risk whereas Arg990Gly carriers had a reduced risk relative to the reference SNP, for those with albumin-corrected serum calcium from 8.5-9.5 mg/dL. In the context of the tri-locus haplotype, the reduced CAD risk conferred by Arg990Gly remained significant. Analysis of the association of common CASR SNPs with CAD risk factors showed Arg990Gly was negatively associated with the CAD risk factor of chronic kidney disease, but independent of alterations in lipids, hemoglobin A1c, or blood pressure.\n\nConclusionsThis study compares the common approach of single SNP analysis with the impact of a common variant haplotype block and refocuses attention on the CaSR Arg990Gly SNP which reduces the risk of CAD over a specific range of median albumin-corrected calcium concentrations.\n\nPrecisClinical data and whole exome sequences from a cohort of 51,289 individuals (DiscovEHR) were used to assess the independent contributions of serum Ca2+ and CASR common variants to cardiovascular diseases including CAD.

genetics↗

bioRxiv2018

Rare Variant Pathogenicity Triage and Inclusion of Synonymous Variants Improves Analysis of Disease Associations

Many G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) lack common variants that lead to reproducible genome-wide disease associations. Here we used rare variant approaches to assess the disease associations of 85 orphan or understudied GPCRs in an unselected cohort of 51,289 individuals. Rare loss-of-function variants, missense variants predicted to be pathogenic or likely pathogenic, and a subset of rare synonymous variants were used as independent data sets for sequence kernel association testing (SKAT). Strong, phenome-wide disease associations shared by two or more variant categories were found for 39% of the GPCRs. Validating the bioinformatics and SKAT analyses, functional characterization of rare missense and synonymous variants of GPR39, a Family A GPCR, showed altered expression and/or Zn2+-mediated signaling for members of both variant classes. Results support the utility of rare variant analyses for identifying disease associations for genes that lack common variants, while also highlighting the functional importance of rare synonymous variants.\n\nAuthor summaryRare variant approaches have emerged as a viable way to identify disease associations for genes without clinically important common variants. Rare synonymous variants are generally considered benign. We demonstrate that rare synonymous variants represent a potentially important dataset for deriving disease associations, here applied to analysis of a set of orphan or understudied GPCRs. Synonymous variants yielded disease associations in common with loss-of-function or missense variants in the same gene. We rationalize their associations with disease by confirming their impact on expression and agonist activation of a representative example, GPR39. This study highlights the importance of rare synonymous variants in human physiology, and argues for their routine inclusion in any comprehensive analysis of genomic variants as potential causes of disease.

genetics↗