AAV6-HCN4t-mediated biological pacing as a potential life-saving therapy for congenital complete heart block
Congenital complete heart block (CCHB) is a life-threatening condition in fetuses due to severe bradycardia. Maternal administration of {beta}-adrenergic agonists is used to increase fetal heart rates, but its effectiveness is limited and lost over time most likely due to insufficient expression of HCN channels in some individuals. We report the development of an injectable gene therapy that produces reliable cardiac pacemaker function in the presence of {beta}-adrenergic stimulation. Intramyocardial injection of adeno-associated viral serotype 6 vectors expressing HCN4t (AAV6-HCN4t) into the left ventricular apex significantly increased ectopic pacing frequency and heart rate in response to isoproterenol in rats with complete heart block, and this effect remained stable throughout the 4 weeks of follow-up. Injection of AAV6-HCN4t showed similar reliable biological pacing in complete heart block pigs. These results suggest that AAV6-HCN4t generates robust biological pacing in the presence of isoproterenol, providing the foundation for a potentially life-saving therapy for in utero CCHB.