Greatwall depletion from Xenopus oocytes reveals a key role of the cyclin B/CDK1-PP2A-B55 balance in the coordination of meiotic events
Meiotic progression relies on maintaining a precise balance between cyclin B/CDK1 activity and the phosphatase PP2A-B55. The latter is negatively regulated by the Greatwall kinase (Gwl). In Xenopus oocytes, we show that the loss of Gwl and the subsequent hyperactivation of PP2A-B55 severely disrupt the transition from meiosis I to meiosis II. This disruption prevents phosphorylation of both Wee1/Myt1 and the APC/C complex, thereby blocking APC/C activation. As a consequence, APC/C remains inactive during the MI-MII transition, which impairs cyclin degradation and the partial CDK1 inactivation that is normally required at this stage. Additionally, the mos-MAPK-Rsk1/2 pathway fails to activate due to insufficient Mos accumulation, thereby preventing metaphase II arrest. Finally, the lack of APC/C activation during meiosis I inhibits the degradation of its inhibitor Erp1, revealing a critical feedback loop between APC/C and Erp1. Overall, our findings reveal that Gwl is a key coordinator of both meiotic divisions, acting through dual regulation of APC/C and the Mos/MAPK/Rsk1/2 pathways by modulating PP2A-B55 activity.