Biology subjects

Beller, A.

Publications and source records attributed to Beller, A..

3 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2025

Resistance Training Reshapes the Gut Microbiome for Better Health

ObjectivesThe gut microbiome plays a critical role in metabolism, immunity, and aging. While endurance training has been shown to beneficially modulate the microbiome, the effects of resistance training remain less clear, with some studies reporting minimal changes. This project aims to investigate whether structured resistance training elicits significant changes in gut microbiome composition and diversity in sedentary, healthy adults. Methods150 participants completed an 8-week supervised resistance training program. Session-level training data, including weights and repetitions, were recorded alongside metrics like load and compliance. Fecal samples were collected throughout the study period at designated timepoints for 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to assess microbiome composition and for metabolomics analyses to evaluate microbial metabolic activity. ResultsNo differences in microbial diversity were observed, and there were no significant changes in microbial community composition or fecal metabolomics across all participants post-training. However, within-individual microbial community changes significantly correlated with strength improvement, and significantly stronger shifts in beta diversity were observed in participants with high average strength gains compared to those with smaller gains. In these high responders, differential abundance analysis revealed time-dependent microbial changes, with more taxa enriched or depleted by week 8 of training. Notably, Faecalibacterium and Roseburia hominis--both associated with a healthier, anti-inflammatory microbiome--were significantly enriched. Many differentially abundant taxa belonged to the Lachnospiraceae family. ConclusionResistance training drives significant, time-dependent gut microbiome changes, particularly in those demonstrating greater improvements in strength. These shifts mirror endurance training effects and may reflect improved overall health. SummaryWhile endurance training has been consistently shown to enhance gut microbiome composition, the effects of resistance training remain less well defined, with findings to date being variable. Our results indicate that resistance training can induce meaningful, time-dependent shifts in the gut microbiome, particularly among sedentary individuals who experience substantial strength gains. Notably, we observed enrichment of key health-associated taxa, including Faecalibacterium and Roseburia hominis, both linked to anti-inflammatory effects and improved gut function. These findings suggest that resistance training may contribute to gut health in conjunction with physical fitness, supporting its broader application in health promotion strategies and future microbiome-focused research.

microbiology↗

bioRxiv2020

Human cortical expansion involves diversification and specialization of supragranular intratelencephalic-projecting neurons

The neocortex is disproportionately expanded in human compared to mouse, both in its total volume relative to subcortical structures and in the proportion occupied by supragranular layers that selectively make connections within the cortex and other telencephalic structures. Single-cell transcriptomic analyses of human and mouse cortex show an increased diversity of glutamatergic neuron types in supragranular cortex in human and pronounced gradients as a function of cortical depth. To probe the functional and anatomical correlates of this transcriptomic diversity, we describe a robust Patch-seq platform using neurosurgically-resected human tissues. We characterize the morphological and physiological properties of five transcriptomically defined human glutamatergic supragranular neuron types. Three of these types have properties that are specialized compared to the more homogeneous properties of transcriptomically defined homologous mouse neuron types. The two remaining supragranular neuron types, located exclusively in deep layer 3, do not have clear mouse homologues in supragranular cortex but are transcriptionally most similar to deep layer mouse intratelencephalic-projecting neuron types. Furthermore, we reveal the transcriptomic types in deep layer 3 that express high levels of non-phosphorylated heavy chain neurofilament protein that label long-range neurons known to be selectively depleted in Alzheimers disease. Together, these results demonstrate the power of transcriptomic cell type classification, provide a mechanistic underpinning for increased complexity of cortical function in human cortical evolution, and implicate discrete transcriptomic cell types as selectively vulnerable in disease.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2018

Conserved cell types with divergent features between human and mouse cortex

Elucidating the cellular architecture of the human neocortex is central to understanding our cognitive abilities and susceptibility to disease. Here we applied single nucleus RNA-sequencing to perform a comprehensive analysis of cell types in the middle temporal gyrus of human cerebral cortex. We identify a highly diverse set of excitatory and inhibitory neuronal types that are mostly sparse, with excitatory types being less layer-restricted than expected. Comparison to a similar mouse cortex single cell RNA-sequencing dataset revealed a surprisingly well-conserved cellular architecture that enables matching of homologous types and predictions of human cell type properties. Despite this general conservation, we also find extensive differences between homologous human and mouse cell types, including dramatic alterations in proportions, laminar distributions, gene expression, and morphology. These species-specific features emphasize the importance of directly studying human brain.

neuroscience↗