Cardiac remodeling after six weeks of high-intensity interval training to exhaustion in endurance-trained males
High-intensity interval training (HIIT) improves physical performance of endurance athletes, although studies examining its cardiovascular effects are sparse. We evaluated the impact of HIIT on blood pressure, heart rate and cardiac cavities size and function in endurance-trained adults. Seventeen endurance-trained males underwent 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) and Doppler echocardiography at baseline and after 6 weeks of HIIT. Participants were divided in 2 groups (85% maximal aerobic power (MP); HIIT85, n=8 and 115% MP; HIIT115, n = 9) in order to compare the impact of different HIIT intensities. ABPM and cardiac chambers size and function were similar between groups at baseline. HIIT reduced heart rate (55 {+/-} 8 vs. 51 {+/-} 7 bpm; p= 0.003), systolic blood pressure (SBP; 121 {+/-} 11 vs 118 {+/-} 9 mmHg; p = 0.01), mean arterial pressure (MAP; 90 {+/-} 8 vs 89 {+/-} 6 mmHg; p = 0.03) and pulse pressure (52 {+/-} 6 vs 49 {+/-} 5 mmHg; p = 0.01), irrespective of training intensity. Left atrium (LA) volumes increased after HIIT (maximal: 50 {+/-} 14 vs 54 {+/-}14 ml; p= 0.02; minimal: 15 {+/-} 5 vs 20 {+/-} 8 ml; p = 0.01) in both groups. Right ventricle (RV) global longitudinal strain lowered after training in the HIIT85 group only (20 {+/-} 4 vs. 17 {+/-} 3%, p = 0.04). In endurance-trained males, six weeks of HIIT reduce SBP and MAP and increase LA volumes irrespective of training intensity, whereas submaximal HIIT deteriorates RV systolic function.\n\nKey pointsO_LIHigh-intensity interval training improves physical performance of endurance athletes, although studies examining its cardiovascular effects are sparse.\nC_LIO_LIWe evaluated the impact of submaximal (85% maximal aerobic power) and supramaximal (115% maximal aerobic power) high-intensity interval training on ambulatory blood pressure, heart rate and cardiac cavities size and function in endurance-trained adults.\nC_LIO_LIIrrespective of training intensity, six weeks of high-intensity interval training increase left atrial volumes in endurance-trained adults, whereas the submaximal training decreases right ventricular systolic function.\nC_LIO_LIThese results may help identify the exercise threshold for potential toxicity of intense exercise training for at-risk individuals and ideal exercise training regimens conferring optimal cardiovascular protection and adapted endurance training for athletes.\nC_LI