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Bauer, M.

Publications and source records attributed to Bauer, M..

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Elav-mediated exon skipping and alternative polyadenylation of the Dscam1 gene is required for axon outgrowth

Many metazoan genes express alternative long 3' UTR isoforms in the nervous system, but their functions remain largely unclear. In Drosophila melanogaster, the Dscam1 gene generates short and long (Dscam1-L) 3' UTR isoforms due to alternative polyadenylation (APA). Here, we found that the RNA-binding protein Embryonic Lethal Abnormal Visual System (Elav) impacts Dscam1 biogenesis at two levels, including regulation of long 3' UTR biogenesis and skipping of an upstream exon (exon 19). MinION long-read sequencing confirmed the connectivity of this alternative splicing event to the long 3' UTR. Knockdown or CRISPR deletion of Dscam1-L impaired axon growth in Drosophila. The Dscam1 long 3' UTR was found to be required for correct Elav-mediated skipping of exon 19. Elav thus co-regulates APA and alternative splicing to generate specific Dscam1 transcripts that are essential for neural development. This coupling of APA to alternative splicing might represent a new class of regulated RNA processing.\n\nGraphical Abstract\n\nO_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=198 SRC=\"FIGDIR/small/613059_ufig1.gif\" ALT=\"Figure 1\">\nView larger version (45K):\norg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1a23558org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@5c3dddorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1e1808forg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1bf3888_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG C_FIG HighlightsO_LIElav regulates Dscam1 long 3' UTR (Dscam1-L) biogenesis\nC_LIO_LILong-read sequencing reveals connectivity of long 3' UTR to skipping of upstream exon 19\nC_LIO_LILoss of Dscam1-L impairs axon outgrowth\nC_LIO_LIDscam1 long 3' UTR is required for correct splicing of exon 19\nC_LI

molecular biology

Use of IFNγ/IL10 ratio for stratification of hydrocortisone therapy in patients with septic shock

BackgroundLarge clinical trials testing hydrocortisone therapy in septic shock have produced conflicting results. Subgroups may however benefit depending on their individual immune response.\n\nMethodsWe performed an exploratory analysis of the CORTICUS trial database employing machine learning to a panel of 137 variables collected from 83 patients (60 survivors, 23 non-survivors) including demographic and clinical measures, organ failure scores, leukocyte counts and circulating cytokine levels. The identified biomarker was validated against data collected from patients enrolled into a cohort of the Hellenic Sepsis Study Group (HSSG) (n=162) and two data sets of two other clinical trials. Ex vivo studies were performed on this biomarker to assess a possible mechanistic role.\n\nResultsA low serum IFN{gamma}/IL10 ratio predicted increased survival in the hydrocortisone group whereas a high ratio predicted better survival in the placebo group. Using this ratio for a decision rule, we found significant improvement in survival in the groups of patients being in compliance with the prediction rule (discovery set: OR=3.03 [95% Cl: 1.05-8.75], P=0.031, validation set: OR=2.01 [95% CI: 1.04-3.88], P=0.026). Applying the rule to two further, smaller datasets showed the same tendency. Mechanistic studies revealed that IFN{gamma}/IL10 was negatively associated with pathogen load in spiked human blood. An in silico analysis of published IFN{gamma} and IL10 values in bacteremic and non-bacteremic SIRS patients supported this association between the ratio and pathogen burden.\n\nConclusionIf confirmed prospectively, the IFN{gamma}/IL10 ratio could be used as a rapidly available theranostic for use of hydrocortisone therapy in septic shock.

immunology